Processing tomato - Genotype x Environment

An experiment on the global quality evaluation of processing tomato was performed in Italy in 2021 and 2022 (Y) to assess four selected cultivars (V) across three representative Italian locations (F). The evaluated parameters included those related to yield and agronomic performance, as well as technological quality indexes of processing tomatoes. Moreover, biochemical indexes of both taste and nutraceutical quality, such as sugars, acids, antioxidants and volatiles (VOC) were also issued. Yield-related traits and technological parameters were mainly influenced by Y and F, while barely by V. Sugars were mainly influenced by F and V, while organic acids were strongly influenced by Y. Among phytochemicals, ascorbic acid was influenced by Y, carotenoids by F and V and individual phenols mainly by Y and V. Regarding VOC, the most important influence was observed in 13 of the 26 detected and quantified compounds, particularly in the Y × F interaction. In terms of nutritional profile, good concentrations were found for ascorbic acid, phenols and some volatiles, counteracted by generally low amounts of carotenoids, especially lycopene. This suggests that, for correct breeding practice, each trait to be enhanced in tomato processing cultivars should be carefully calibrated to specific field location and production year, despite the availability of well-developed tomato cultivars adapted for processing, already selected for stable performance under determined cropping conditions.2021年与2022年在意大利开展了一项加工番茄全维度品质评价试验（试验年份，Y），旨在于3个具有代表性的意大利试验地点（F）下评估4个筛选出的加工番茄品种（V）。本次试验的评价参数涵盖产量与农艺性能相关指标，以及加工番茄的工艺品质指标。此外，还分析了与风味及营养保健品质相关的生化指标，包括糖类、有机酸、抗氧化物质以及挥发性有机化合物（volatile organic compounds, VOC）。 产量相关性状与工艺参数主要受试验年份（Y）和试验地点（F）的影响，而品种（V）的影响相对微弱。糖类含量主要受试验地点（F）与品种（V）的共同影响，而有机酸则受试验年份（Y）的显著调控。在植物化学物质中，抗坏血酸受试验年份（Y）影响，类胡萝卜素受试验地点（F）与品种（V）影响，单体酚类物质则主要受试验年份（Y）和品种（V）的共同作用。针对挥发性有机化合物（VOC），在检测并定量的26种目标化合物中，有13种受到了最显著的影响，尤其体现在试验年份（Y）与试验地点（F）的交互效应上。 从营养组成来看，抗坏血酸、酚类物质及部分挥发性化合物含量可观，但类胡萝卜素（尤其是番茄红素）含量普遍偏低，削弱了整体营养价值。这一结果提示：尽管当前适配加工的番茄品种已在特定种植条件下完成选育并表现出稳定性状，但若要对加工番茄品种的目标改良性状进行优化，仍需针对具体的试验地点与生产年份进行精准的育种校准。