Testing of traditional Makah halibut hooks

The attached data is from two experiments conducted to test the use of the traditional halibut hook of the Makah Tribe, called a čibu·d, for use in recreational halibut fisheries. The first study was conducted over two phases completed in 2017 (phase 1) and 2018 (phase 2) with the objective of determining if we could improve the fishing performance of the čibu·d tested by Scordino et al. (2017). Scordino et al. (2017) found that čibu·d significantly reduced bycatch during recreational halibut fisheries as compared to paired 8/0 circle hooks that are commonly used in today's recreational halibut fisheries. The study also found that the čibu·d reduced the catch of halibut relative to the paired 8/0 circle hooks. However, the bycatch ratio (halibut caught per bycatch) was much better for the čibu·d than the paired 8/0 circle hooks showing that the use of the čibu·d could be an effective tool to reduce bycatch n recreational fisheries. In phase 1 of our study we compared the fishing performance of čibu·d manufactured from four different materials (wood, plastic, brass, and stainless steel) to determine if the buoyancy of čibu·d material affected its fishing performance. The čibu·d manufactured for phase 1 of the study utilized measurements from Scordino et al. (2017) of the best performing handmade brass čibu·d used in that study. We found no statistical difference in the performance of plastic, brass, and stainless steel čibu·d for catching halibut. In phase 2 of our study, we selected the brass čibu·d to compare to two commonly fished hook arrangements in present day recreational halibut fisheries, paired 8/0 circle hooks and a single 16/0 circle hook, to have continuity with our previously published research (Scordino et al. 2017). Using recreational fishermen to collect data, we found no significant difference in halibut catch rates between brass čibu·d, paired 8/0 circle hooks, and the single 16/0 circle hook. We found that brass čibu·d had significantly lower bycatch per set and byatch ratio (halibut:bycatch) than the other two hook set ups. We also found that the 16/0 circle hook had significantly less bycatch than the paired 8/0 hooks. The other study represented in this data set was a study to determine the optimum bait to fish on čibu·d. The ethnographic record mentions many different types of bait used but mentions devilfish (octopus) most frequently. Although many types of bait are listed, there are no mentions of using herring. Our previously published study (Scordino et al. 2017) and the study described above used herring for bait. This study evaluated if catch performance was different when čibu·d were fished with octopus, squid, herring, and rockfish fillets. We fished the four bait types concurrently and reeled up as soon as a fish bit one (sometimes more) of the hooks and recorded the catch. We found not statistical difference in catch performance by bait type.本附随数据集源自两项实验，用于测试马卡族（Makah Tribe）传统大比目鱼钩čibu·d在休闲大比目鱼垂钓渔业中的应用。 第一项研究分为两个阶段完成，分别于2017年（第一阶段）和2018年（第二阶段）开展，旨在验证能否优化Scordino等人（2017）所测试的čibu·d的垂钓性能。Scordino等人（2017）的研究发现，相较于当前休闲大比目鱼渔业普遍使用的配对式8/0圆形钩（8/0 circle hooks），čibu·d可显著降低兼捕（bycatch）量，但同时相比配对式8/0圆形钩，其大比目鱼捕获量有所降低。不过其兼捕比（bycatch ratio，每捕获1头兼捕渔获对应的大比目鱼捕获量）远优于配对式8/0圆形钩，表明čibu·d可作为休闲渔业中降低兼捕的有效工具。 在本研究第一阶段，我们对比了四种不同材质（木材、塑料、黄铜、不锈钢）制成的čibu·d的垂钓性能，以探究钩体材质的浮力是否会影响其垂钓表现。本次第一阶段研究所使用的čibu·d，尺寸参数取自Scordino等人（2017）研究中性能最优的手工黄铜制čibu·d。经测试，塑料、黄铜及不锈钢材质的čibu·d在大比目鱼捕获量上无统计学差异。 在本研究第二阶段，我们选取黄铜制čibu·d，与当前休闲大比目鱼渔业中两种常用钩组配置——配对式8/0圆形钩与单枚16/0圆形钩（16/0 circle hook）——进行对比，以延续此前已发表的研究成果（Scordino et al. 2017）。本次研究邀请休闲垂钓者参与数据采集，结果显示，黄铜制čibu·d、配对式8/0圆形钩及单枚16/0圆形钩三者的大比目鱼上钩率无显著差异。但黄铜制čibu·d的单次作业兼捕量及兼捕比均显著低于另外两种钩组配置。此外，单枚16/0圆形钩的兼捕量显著低于配对式8/0圆形钩。 本数据集涵盖的另一项研究，旨在确定适配čibu·d的最优钓饵。民族志记录中提及了多种可使用的钓饵，其中最常被提及的是章鱼（devilfish），但未提及使用鲱鱼作为钓饵。此前本团队已发表的研究（Scordino et al. 2017）及前述第一项研究均使用了鲱鱼作为钓饵。本研究针对章鱼、鱿鱼、鲱鱼及岩鱼鱼片（rockfish fillets）四种钓饵，对比了čibu·d的垂钓表现。本次测试采用同步施钓的方式，当有鱼类咬钩（可能同时有多枚钩子被咬住）时立即收线并记录捕获情况。结果显示，不同钓饵类型的捕获性能无统计学差异。