The R & D expenditure of the Ministry of Defence

R & D expenditures financed by the Ministry of Defence (DNRDD — see previous page) are broken down into R & D performed by defence laboratories or domestic defence R & D expenditure (DIRDD — see previous page), and R & D carried out outside the ministry, mainly in the business sector. The latter are about 100 each year to receive funding in return for their R & D work for defence, in general through contracts. This funding amounted to EUR 2.008 billion in 2008. The second sector of execution is the State sector which brings together the large civil public institutions that carry out ad hoc research for the benefit of the Ministry of Defense.Series from 1999 to 2008