Ti Tree East Acoustic Data Collection - TERN

This dataset contains audio files for Ti Tree East site. The site was established in 2012 at Pine Hill Station, near Alice Springs. Pine Hill is a functioning cattle station that has been in operation for longer than 50 years. The site is a mosaic of the primary semi-arid biomes of central Australia: grassy mulga woodland and Corymbia/Triodia savanna. The woodland is characterised by a mulga (Acacia aneura) canopy. The soil is red sand overlying an 8 m deep water table. Elevation of the site is 553 m above sea level, and the terrain is flat. Mean annual precipitation at the nearby (30 km to the south) Bureau of Meteorology station is 306 mm.

In 2012 an acoustic recorder was set up in hummock grassland to collect audio data for a total of 12 hours per day, split between six hours around dawn and six hours around dusk. The recording schedule aimed at capturing morning and evening bird choruses while minimizing memory and battery requirements. A long-term spectrogram has been generated for each audio file to aid in data exploration. The sensor also recorded temperature, minimum- maximum- and mean-sound pressure levels.

Acoustic indices and false colour spectrograms were created for the recordings. Acoustic indices are summaries of the distribution of the acoustic energy in a recording. They are particularly useful for the analysis of long-term recordings of the environment and can be used to identify sound sources of interest, characterise the soundscape, aid in the assessment of fauna biodiversity, monitor temporal trends and track environmental changes. False colour spectrograms are visual representation of individual acoustic indices or combination of multiple indices. They can highlight the presence of specific sound sources, e.g. birds, insects or weather events, providing a tool for navigating long-term recordings.

Data are made available through the data link. For downloading large amount of data, please follow these instructions How to download TERN's acoustic data in bulk

本数据集包含蒂树东（Ti Tree East）站点的音频文件。该站点于2012年设立于爱丽丝斯普林斯附近的派恩希尔牧场（Pine Hill Station）。派恩希尔是一座运营时长已超50年的经营性养牛牧场。该站点的生境为澳大利亚中部典型半干旱生物群落的镶嵌复合体：涵盖多草的穆尔加金合欢（mulga，Acacia aneura）林以及杯果木（Corymbia）/三齿稃（Triodia）稀树草原。该林分以穆尔加金合欢（Acacia aneura）冠层为典型特征。站点土壤为红砂土，下伏8米深的地下水位。站点海拔为553米，地势平坦。距其以南30公里的澳大利亚气象局（Bureau of Meteorology）站点的年平均降水量为306毫米。

2012年，科研人员在丘状草原布设了一台声学记录仪，每日采集总计12小时的音频数据，分为黎明前后6小时与黄昏前后6小时两个采集时段。该录制方案旨在捕捉晨间与晚间的鸟类鸣唱集群，同时降低存储与电量消耗需求。研究人员为每份音频文件生成了长期声谱图，以辅助数据探索。该传感器同时记录了温度、声压的最小值、最大值与平均值。

研究人员还为录制的音频生成了声学指数与假彩色声谱图。声学指数是对录音中声学能量分布的量化总结，尤其适用于长期环境录音分析，可用于识别目标声源、表征声景特征、辅助评估动物群落生物多样性、监测时间变化趋势以及追踪环境变迁。假彩色声谱图是单一声学指数或多声学指数组合的可视化呈现形式，可突出鸟类、昆虫或天气事件等特定声源的存在，为长期录音的浏览与分析提供便捷工具。

本数据集可通过指定数据链接获取。如需批量下载大量数据，请遵循以下操作指南：《批量下载TERN声学数据》（How to download TERN's acoustic data in bulk）。