Global Sustainable Development Indicators Dataset: Socio-Economic, Environmental, Financial, and Governance Metrics (2001–2022)

This dataset presents a harmonized, high-quality panel of 126 countries spanning the years 2001 to 2022, focused on key indicators relevant to sustainable development, inequality, environmental policy, and inclusive economic growth. Countries were selected based on the availability and continuity of data across the included indicators, ensuring robust coverage for empirical analysis.

The dataset integrates variables from reputable international sources and underwent extensive data preprocessing, including imputation of missing values, standardization, and verification of time consistency. It is optimized for use in econometric modeling, cross-country regressions, panel data analysis, and machine learning applications in the fields of sustainability, development economics, and public policy.

The dataset includes over 50 indicators grouped into thematic domains:
Economic & Development Indicators

Real GDP per capita (GDP_PC_Con), GDP per capita (GDP_PC), GDP Growth (GDPG), Trade Openness (TR), Interest Rate (IR), Inflation (INF, INFG), Unemployment (UE), Financial Deepening (FD), Financial Inclusion (FI), Fintech (FT), Foreign Direct Investment (FDI, FDI Net), Government Subsidies (GS, GS2), Debt Level (DEB), and Debt Servicing (DEBS).

Social and Demographic Indicators

Income Inequality (II), Poverty Headcount Ratio (POV), Poverty Gap (POVG), Life Expectancy (LE), Human Capital Index (HC), Gender Composition (POPF, POPM), Population (POP), Urbanization (URB, URBP), Population Density (POPD), Population Growth (POPG).

Environmental and Sustainability Metrics

Ecological Footprint (EFP, EFPT), Renewable Energy Consumption (REC), Renewable Electricity Output (RELC), Carbon Emissions (COT, CO), Environmental Regulations (ER), Economic Growth Sustainability (EGS), and Green Finance (GF, GF2).

Innovation, Governance & Integration

Governance Indicators (GOV), Green Technology Innovation (GTI), High-Tech Development (HTD), Technology Diffusion (TD), Tourism Activity (TOR), Financial Globalization (FG).

All variables are cleaned, aligned by year and country, and formatted to allow comparative, longitudinal, and multivariate analyses. The dataset supports wide-ranging applications—from sustainability assessments and green finance modeling to inequality diagnostics and global development forecasting.

本数据集为覆盖2001至2022年的126个国家构建的统一校准、高质量面板数据集，聚焦与可持续发展、不平等、环境政策及包容性经济增长相关的核心指标。数据集筛选国家的依据为纳入指标的数据可得性与连续性，以保障实证分析具备充足且可靠的覆盖范围。

本数据集整合了来自权威国际数据源的变量，并经过了全面的数据预处理流程，包括缺失值插补、标准化处理及时序一致性校验。该数据集针对计量经济学建模、跨国回归分析、面板数据分析，以及可持续发展、发展经济学与公共政策领域的机器学习应用进行了优化。

本数据集包含50余项指标，划分为四大主题领域：

经济与发展指标
人均实际GDP（Real GDP per capita，缩写GDP_PC_Con）、人均GDP（GDP per capita，缩写GDP_PC）、GDP增长率（GDP Growth，缩写GDPG）、贸易开放度（Trade Openness，缩写TR）、利率（Interest Rate，缩写IR）、通货膨胀率（Inflation，缩写INF、INFG）、失业率（Unemployment，缩写UE）、金融深化（Financial Deepening，缩写FD）、金融包容性（Financial Inclusion，缩写FI）、金融科技（Fintech，缩写FT）、外商直接投资（Foreign Direct Investment，缩写FDI、FDI Net）、政府补贴（Government Subsidies，缩写GS、GS2）、债务水平（Debt Level，缩写DEB）、债务还本付息额（Debt Servicing，缩写DEBS）。

社会与人口统计指标
收入不平等（Income Inequality，缩写II）、贫困发生率（Poverty Headcount Ratio，缩写POV）、贫困缺口（Poverty Gap，缩写POVG）、预期寿命（Life Expectancy，缩写LE）、人力资本指数（Human Capital Index，缩写HC）、性别结构（Gender Composition，缩写POPF、POPM）、总人口（Population，缩写POP）、城市化水平（Urbanization，缩写URB、URBP）、人口密度（Population Density，缩写POPD）、人口增长率（Population Growth，缩写POPG）。

环境与可持续发展指标
生态足迹（Ecological Footprint，缩写EFP、EFPT）、可再生能源消费（Renewable Energy Consumption，缩写REC）、可再生电力产出（Renewable Electricity Output，缩写RELC）、碳排放（Carbon Emissions，缩写COT、CO）、环境规制（Environmental Regulations，缩写ER）、经济增长可持续性（Economic Growth Sustainability，缩写EGS）、绿色金融（Green Finance，缩写GF、GF2）。

创新、治理与一体化指标
治理指标（Governance Indicators，缩写GOV）、绿色技术创新（Green Technology Innovation，缩写GTI）、高技术发展（High-Tech Development，缩写HTD）、技术扩散（Technology Diffusion，缩写TD）、旅游活动（Tourism Activity，缩写TOR）、金融全球化（Financial Globalization，缩写FG）。

所有变量均经过清洗处理，按年份与国家维度对齐并统一格式，可支持比较性、纵向及多变量分析。本数据集可支撑广泛应用场景，涵盖可持续性评估、绿色金融建模、不平等诊断以及全球发展预测等领域。