Exploring the plasticity of diet on gut microbiota and its correlation with gut health

Dietary habits have been proven to help alter the composition of gut microbiota, and exploring the impact of dietary habits on gut microbiota changes can help protect gut health. However, few studies have focused on the impact of diet on the microbiome. In this study, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to investigate the gut microbiome of mice with intervention including standard diet (Control), high protein diet (HPD), high fiber diet (HFD), and switch diet. The alpha diversity of the HPD group significantly decreased, but HFD can restore this decline. During HPD, some genera were significantly up-regulated (e.g., Feacalibaculum and Romboutsia) and down-regulated (e.g., Parabacteroides). However, after HFD intervention, other genera were up-regulated (e.g., Akkermansia and Odoribacter) and down-regulated (e.g., Lactobacillus). In addition, the interaction between pathogenic bacteria was more pronounced during HPD, while the main effect was probiotics during HFD. In summary, we believe that the plasticity of gut microbiota can be approached through diet, and different diets play a crucial role in maintaining host health. Therefore, our findings provide new ideas and references for the application of dietary therapy in clinical nutrition.