Gut microbiota modifies olfactory-guided microbial preferences and foraging decisions in Drosophila

The gut microbiota affects a wide spectrum of host physiological traits, including development [ 1–5 ], germline [ 6 ], immunity [ 7–9 ], nutrition [ 4, 10, 11 ], and longevity [ 12, 13 ]. Association with microbes also influences fitness-related behaviors such as mating [ 14 ] and social interactions [ 15, 16 ]. Although the gut microbiota is evidently important for host wellbeing, how hosts become associated with particular assemblages of microbes from the environment remains unclear. Here, we present evidence that the gut microbiota can modify microbial and nutritional preferences of Drosophila melanogaster. By experimentally manipulating the gut microbiota of flies subjected to behavioral and chemosensory assays, we found that fly-microbe attractions are shaped by the identity of the host microbiota. Conventional flies exhibit preference for their associated Lactobacillus, a behavior also present in axenic flies as adults and marginally as larvae. By contrast, fly preference for Ace...肠道菌群（gut microbiota）可影响宿主的多种生理性状，包括发育[1–5]、生殖系[6]、免疫[7–9]、营养[4,10,11]与寿命[12,13]。宿主与微生物的定植关系同样会影响其适合度相关行为，例如交配[14]与社会互动[15,16]。尽管肠道菌群对宿主健康至关重要，但宿主如何从环境中获得特定的微生物群落仍未明确。本研究提供证据表明，肠道菌群可改变黑腹果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）对微生物与营养物质的偏好。通过对接受行为学与化学感受检测的果蝇肠道菌群进行实验操控，我们发现果蝇与微生物间的吸引作用受宿主自身肠道菌群的组成所调控。常规饲养的果蝇表现出对其定植的乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）细菌的偏好，该行为在成年无菌果蝇（axenic flies）中同样存在，幼虫阶段仅表现出微弱的偏好性。与之相对，果蝇对Ace……