Comparison of gross muscle morphology and function across three studies.

Overview of gross morphology, innervation and function of the neck musculature as described here, by Snodgrass [12] and by Markl [13]. API: Anterior pronotal inflection; CA: cervical apodeme of propectus; HA: Horizontal apodeme of the propectus; Mn: Mesonotum; FM: Rim of foramen magnum; OP: Occipital process; PA: pleural apophysis of propectus; Pph: Prephragma of mesonotum; PPI: posterior pronotal inflection; Pn: Pronotum; Pp: propectus; SA: Supraforaminal apodeme of the head; SC: Subforaminal cup; SNAE: Supraneural apodeme of endosternum; SNBE: Supraneural bridge of endosternum. Symbols: (*) and (▴) indicate that the anatomy or innervation of a muscle described here differs to that described by Snodgrass [12] and Markl [13] respectively; (+) indicates that the function of a given muscle is considered to be different to that described by Snodgrass [12].