The self-cleaning properties of biomimetic surfaces to repel Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes attachment, adhesion, and retention

Surface hydrophobicity and roughness were determined for unmodified wax surfaces (control), biomimetic wax surfaces, and Gladioli leaves. The self-cleaning properties of the biomimetic and control surfaces were compared by measuring their propensity to repel <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> attachment, adhesion, and retention in mono- and co-culture conditions.