Native American use of cetaceans in pre-contact Oregon: Biomolecular and taphonomic analyses illuminate human-cetacean relationships: MALDI-TOF data

# Native American use of cetaceans in pre-contact Oregon: Biomolecular and taphonomic analyses illuminate human-cetacean relationships: MALDI-TOF data *** This study characterizes how Native Americans living on the Oregon coast used whales and small cetaceans prior to European contact. We present an original analysis of a large subsample of archaeological cetacean remains from the Palmrose (35CLT47) site and new identifications from the previously analyzed Par-Tee (35CLT20) and Tahkenitch Landing (35DO130) sites. Using zooarchaeological and biomolecular analyses we report species presence and modification patterns to characterize use. Grays (*Eschrichtius robustus*) and humpbacks (*Megaptera novaeangliae*) were the most commonly identified whale species and a preferred source of food, oil, bone for tool manufacture, and possibly ligaments for sinew. Dolphins and porpoises, especially harbor porpoise (*Phocoena phocoena*), were a source of food and possibly bone for tool manufacture. While opportunistic hunting may have occurred, the presence of species such as blue (*Balaenoptera musculus*) and Cuvier’s beaked (*Ziphius cavirostris*) whales suggest collection of beached animals was an important acquisition strategy. Our study demonstrates the value of biomolecular analyses for improved species identifications/understanding of species richness, and the value of zooarchaeological analysis to fully understand dietary and cultural contributions of cetaceans to precontact lifeways on the Oregon coast. ## Description of the Data and file structure This zip file contains raw MALDI-TOF spectra for 158 cetacean bones sampled for ZooMS. Each sample was spotted in triplicate, along with calibration standards, onto a 384 spot Bruker MALDI ground steel target plate using 1 µL of sample and 1 µL of α-cyano-hydroxycinnamic acid matrix. The samples were run on a Bruker ultraflex III MALDI TOF/TOF mass spectrometer with a Nd:YAG smart beam laser University of York in York, UK, and a SNAP averaging algorithm was used to obtain monoiosotopic masses (C 4.9384, N 1.3577, O 1.4773, S 0.0417, H 7.7583). Raw spectral data has been uploaded here for each sample in triplicate. The name of each spectrum contains the date that the MALDI analysis was run, the sample name (e.g., A371) followed by the spot location on the MALDI Plate (e.g., \_A1,\_A4, \_A9). ## Sharing/access Information Links to other publicly accessible locations of the data: None.

# 欧陆接触前俄勒冈地区美洲原住民对鲸类的利用：生物分子与埋藏学分析揭示人鲸关联：基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF）数据
本研究旨在阐明欧洲接触前俄勒冈海岸原住民如何利用鲸类与小型鲸目动物。我们对来自Palmrose（35CLT47）遗址的大量考古鲸类遗存子样本开展原创性分析，并对此前已完成分析的Par-Tee（35CLT20）与Tahkenitch Landing（35DO130）遗址提供新的物种鉴定结果。通过动物考古学与生物分子分析，我们报告了物种存在情况与遗存改造模式，以此刻画原住民的鲸类利用方式。灰鲸（*Eschrichtius robustus*）与座头鲸（*Megaptera novaeangliae*）是最常被鉴定出的鲸类物种，同时也是食物、油脂、工具制造用骨骼的优先获取来源，其韧带或可用于制作肌腱绳筋。海豚与鼠海豚，尤其是港湾鼠海豚（*Phocoena phocoena*），则作为食物来源，其骨骼也可能被用于工具制造。尽管可能存在机会性捕猎行为，但蓝鲸（*Balaenoptera musculus*）与居氏喙鲸（*Ziphius cavirostris*）等物种的存在表明，捡拾搁浅动物是一项重要的鲸类资源获取策略。本研究证实了生物分子分析在提升物种鉴定精度、增进对物种丰富度认知方面的价值，同时也证明了动物考古学分析对于全面理解鲸类在俄勒冈海岸接触前生活方式中的饮食与文化贡献的重要意义。

## 数据与文件结构说明
本压缩包包含针对动物考古质谱法（Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry, ZooMS）采样的158份鲸类骨骼的原始MALDI-TOF质谱数据。每份样本与校准标准品均以一式三份点样于384点布鲁克（Bruker）MALDI ground steel靶板，点样体积为1μL样本与1μL α-氰基-4-羟基肉桂酸基质。样本在英国约克大学约克校区的布鲁克ultraflex III MALDI TOF/TOF质谱仪上完成检测，该设备搭载Nd:YAG智能光束激光器；研究采用SNAP平均算法获取单同位素质量（C 4.9384、N 1.3577、O 1.4773、S 0.0417、H 7.7583）。本数据集上传了每份一式三份样本的原始质谱数据。每份质谱文件的命名包含MALDI分析运行日期、样本名称（如A371），其后附带MALDI靶板上的点样位置（如_A1、_A4、_A9）。

## 共享与获取说明
本数据集无其他公开可访问的镜像链接。