玉米大斑病图库数据集

Maize leaf spot, also known as stripe spot, coal sheath, blight, leaf spot. The main symptoms of maize leaf blight are maize leaves. Water-stained grey-blue spots appeared on the lower leaves first, then spread along the veins to both ends. The lesions were long shuttle-shaped, light brown in the center and dark brown in the outer edge. When the wetness was high in the field, grey-black moulds appeared on the surface of the lesions. In severe cases, the lesions fuse, causing the whole leaf to die. [Control methods] Maize hybrids with resistance to both large and small spot diseases were selected as Jingzao 7 and Guidan 16. Implementing rotation cropping system to avoid continuous cropping of maize, deep ploughing of soil in autumn, deep burying of diseased stubble and eliminating bacterial sources; maize straw used as fuel is treated as early as possible after spring, and corn borer can be treated simultaneously; diseased stubble should be fully matured as compost, and straw fertilizer should not be applied in Maize fields. Improving cultivation techniques and enhancing disease resistance of summer maize early sowing can significantly reduce the incidence of disease. Appropriate application of phosphorus fertilizer, proper combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, re-application of bell mouth fertilizer, implementation of maize-soybean intercropping, or intercropping with wheat, peanuts, sweet potatoes and other crops, wide and narrow row planting; rational irrigation, attention to field drainage in low-lying areas. Due to the limitation of objective conditions such as plant height and density, spraying control can focus on the high-yielding experimental fields such as seed production and intercropping fields. Generally, before and after maize bolting, when the disease rate in the field is over 70% and the disease leaf rate is about 20%, spraying begins. The effective insecticides are: 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 90% mancozeb, adding 500 times water, or 40% grams of aerosol powder 800 times the spray. Each mu of medicinal liquid 50-75 kg, spraying once every 7-10 days, a total of 2-3 times of prevention and control.

玉米叶斑病，又称条纹斑病、煤纹病、叶枯病、斑点病。玉米叶枯病的主要为害部位为玉米叶片：发病初期，下部叶片先出现水渍状灰蓝色斑点，随后沿叶脉向两端扩展蔓延；病斑呈长纺锤形，中部为浅褐色，边缘呈深褐色。当田间湿度较高时，病斑表面会产生灰黑色霉层；病情严重时，病斑相互融合，导致整片叶片枯死。
【防治方法】
选用抗大、小斑病的玉米杂交品种，如京早7号、贵单16号。实行轮作制度，避免玉米连作；秋季深耕土壤，将病残体深埋土中以消灭菌源；春季过后需尽早处理用作燃料的玉米秸秆，同时可兼治玉米螟；病残体需充分腐熟后才可作为堆肥，且不得在玉米田施用秸秆肥料。优化栽培技术以增强玉米抗病性：适期早播夏玉米，可显著降低病害发生几率；合理施用磷肥，配合氮、磷、钾肥料，重施穗肥；实行玉米与大豆间作，或与小麦、花生、甘薯等作物间作，采用宽窄行种植方式；合理灌溉，低洼地块需注意田间排水。受植株高度、种植密度等客观条件限制，喷雾防治可优先针对制种田、间作田等高产试验田块开展。一般可在玉米抽穗前后施药，当田间病株率达70%以上、病叶率约20%时，即可开始喷雾。有效药剂包括：50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂、90%代森锰锌，兑水500倍液，或40%气雾剂粉剂800倍液进行喷雾。每亩喷施药液50~75千克，每隔7~10天喷药1次，共防治2~3次。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集是一个专注于玉米大斑病的图库数据集，包含234个文件，总数据量为1.13 GB，主要用于生物学领域的病虫害研究。数据集由中国科学院合肥智能机械研究所于2019年发布，采用CC0许可协议，允许用户自由复制、修改和分发，适用于农业病害识别和分析等应用场景。