Data for: Local adaptation of switchgrass drives trait relations to yield and differential responses to climate and soil environments

Switchgrass, a potential biofuel crop, is a genetically diverse species with phenotypic plasticity enabling it to grow in a range of environments. Two primary divergent ecotypes, uplands and lowlands, exhibit trait combinations representative of acquisitive and conservative growth allocation strategies, respectively. Whether these ecotypes respond differently to various types of environmental drivers remains unclear but is crucial to understanding how switchgrass varieties will respond to climate change. We grew two upland, two lowland, and two intermediate/hybrid cultivars of switchgrass at three sites along a latitudinal gradient in the central United States. Over a 4-year period, we measured plant functional traits and biomass yields and evaluated genotype-by-environment (G´E) interaction effects by analyzing switchgrass responses to soil and climate variables. We found substantial evidence of G´E interactions on biomass yield, primarily due to deviations in the response of the south..., Site descriptions In 2016, switchgrass field sites were established in three locations; Temple, Texas (TX) at the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Grassland, Water and Soil Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA; 31.045109°, -97.348135°); Columbia, Missouri (MO) at the Bradford Research Center, University of Missouri (38.899708°, -92.213984°); and Batavia, Illinois (IL) at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) National Environment Research Park (41.836701°, -88.239708°). Before establishment, each site had varying long-term, land-use histories, including periods of cultivation, fallow, or pasture. The soil types and characteristics differ substantially among sites (Figure S1 and Table S1). Briefly, the Houston Black clay at the TX site is a moderately well-drained, very slowly permeable vertisol that was formed in clayey residuum weathered from calcareous mudstone of Upper Cretaceous age and exhibits notable cracking during dry periods; the ..., R 4.1.0+ (open source) Microsoft Excel (open source = LibreOffice)柳枝稷（Switchgrass）是一种潜在的生物燃料作物，属于遗传多样性丰富的物种，具备表型可塑性，可在多种环境中生长。其存在两个主要的分化生态型——高地型与低地型，二者分别呈现出与获取型和保守型生长分配策略对应的性状组合。目前尚不明确这两类生态型对不同环境驱动因子的响应是否存在差异，但该问题对于理解柳枝稷品种如何响应气候变化至关重要。我们在美国中部沿纬度梯度设置的三个试验站点中，种植了2个高地型、2个低地型以及2个中间型/杂交型柳枝稷品种。在为期4年的试验周期内，我们测定了植物功能性状与生物量产量，并通过分析柳枝稷对土壤及气候变量的响应，评估了基因型-环境（G×E）互作效应。我们发现了大量证据表明基因型-环境互作对生物量产量存在显著影响，其主要源于南方群体响应的偏差…… 试验站点概况 2016年，我们在美国三个地点建立了柳枝稷田间试验站点：得克萨斯州坦普尔市（TX）：设于美国农业部（United States Department of Agriculture, USDA）农业研究服务局（Agricultural Research Service, ARS）草地、水与土壤研究实验室，坐标为31.045109°，-97.348135°；密苏里州哥伦比亚市（MO）：设于密苏里大学布拉德福德研究中心，坐标为38.899708°，-92.213984°；伊利诺伊州巴达维亚市（IL）：设于费米国家加速器实验室（Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab）国家环境研究园区，坐标为41.836701°，-88.239708°。试验建站前，各站点拥有不同的长期土地利用历史，涵盖耕作、休耕或放牧阶段。各站点的土壤类型与特征存在显著差异（图S1与表S1）。简言之，TX站点的休斯顿黑黏土（Houston Black clay）是一种中等排水性、渗透性极慢的变性土（vertisol），其形成于上白垩纪钙质泥岩风化形成的黏质残积物，在干旱时期会出现显著开裂；…… R 4.1.0及以上版本（开源软件） Microsoft Excel（开源替代软件为LibreOffice）