Outcomes of Surgery as Part of the Management of Metastatic Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Database Analysis

The role of local treatment in patients with oligometastatic non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a subject of ongoing debate. This study assessed the survival impact of combined surgery to the primary tumor and metastatic disease in the management of metastatic NSCLC. Stage IV NSCLC patients at presentation, diagnosed from 2004 to 2013 were identified from the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) database. Propensity-matched analysis was performed considering baseline characteristics (age, gender, race, histology, TN stage, and site of metastases). A total of 144,334 patients were identified. The median age group was 65–70 years, and 1139 patients (0.8% of the patients) have received surgical treatment to both the primary tumor and metastatic disease. Both before and after propensity score matching, cancer-specific and overall survival were better in the surgical therapy group (P < 0.0001 for all). When the analysis was restricted to the subsets of patients with brain only M1 disease or isolated contra lateral nodule, overall survival was improved by combined surgery. However, in multivariate analysis of the overall population (postmatching), combined surgery was not associated with a better overall survival (0.576). Despite the apparently beneficial role of surgery in this study for some patients with metastatic disease, the absence of adequate information about systemic therapy as well as associated comorbidity hinders the generation of definite conclusions. Prospective studies are needed to confirm the role of surgery in the setting of metastatic disease.