Mid-to-late Holocene and LGM multiproxy temperature, stable isotope, and seawater δ18O data from the North Atlantic@en

This dataset comprises trace-metal and clumped isotope (Δ47) measurements on multiple species of benthic foraminifera from 13 sediment cores in the Northwest Atlantic (Cape Hatteras, Blake Outer Ridge, Bermuda Rise, and Corner Rise), as well as three additional cores retrieved south of Iceland. These cores were collected during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 172 in 1997, R/V Knorr cruises 178 and 198, and R/V Charles Darwin cruise 159 in 2004 as part of the RAPiD programme. The data span two time slices: the mid-to-late Holocene (MH; 2–6 ka BP) and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 19–23 ka BP). Derived deep-ocean temperature and carbonate ion concentration (ΔCO₃²⁻) estimates are included, along with contemporaneous seawater oxygen-isotope values calculated using trace-metal- and Δ47-derived temperatures combined with previously published stable-isotope data (Wharton et al., 2024). Collectively, these data provide insights into the vertical hydrographic structure of the North Atlantic during the MH and LGM and help trace the origin of the water masses present in the Northwest Atlantic. Trace-metal analyses were performed using a Thermo Finnigan Element2 magnetic-sector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) at the University of Colorado Boulder. Δ47 analyses were performed using a Thermo Scientific Kiel IV carbonate preparation device coupled to a Thermo Scientific MAT 253 mass spectrometer (conventional DI method) and a Thermo Scientific 253 Plus mass spectrometer using the long-integration dual-inlet (LIDI) method.本数据集囊括西北大西洋（哈特拉斯角、布雷克外海脊、百慕大隆起、科纳隆起）13个沉积岩芯以及冰岛以南3个额外沉积岩芯中多种底栖有孔虫（benthic foraminifera）的痕量金属（trace-metal）与团簇同位素（clumped isotope, Δ47）测量数据。上述岩芯分别于1997年通过大洋钻探计划（Ocean Drilling Program）第172航次、2004年通过诺尔号（R/V Knorr）第178、198航次以及查尔斯·达尔文号（R/V Charles Darwin）第159航次采集，均属于RAPiD计划的一部分。本数据集涵盖两个时间区间：全新世中晚期（mid-to-late Holocene, MH；距今2~6千年）与末次冰盛期（Last Glacial Maximum, LGM；距今19~23千年）。数据集还包含推算得到的深海温度与碳酸盐离子浓度（ΔCO₃²⁻）估算值，以及结合痕量金属与Δ47反演得到的温度、并配合已发表的稳定同位素数据（Wharton等，2024）计算得到的同期海水氧同位素值。上述数据可为解析全新世中晚期与末次冰盛期北大西洋的垂直水团结构提供科学依据，并有助于示踪西北大西洋现存水团的起源。痕量金属分析由科罗拉多大学博尔德分校采用赛默飞世尔芬尼根Element2磁扇形电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, ICP-MS）完成。团簇同位素Δ47分析则分别采用两套装置完成：一套为耦合于赛默飞世尔MAT 253质谱仪的赛默飞世尔Kiel IV碳酸盐制样装置（采用常规直接注入法，conventional DI method），另一套为采用长积分双入口法（long-integration dual-inlet, LIDI method）的赛默飞世尔253 Plus质谱仪。