Estimates of treatment effects on plant sizes throughout the growing season, as well as peak size and number of thawing degree days needed to reach peak size.

Effect values other than the intercept (here: Normal treatment) are deviations from the latter. Given are standard deviation (sd), t- and p-value and degrees of freedom (df) of the model. Modeled maximal plant sizes and TDD (thawing degree days, i.e. positive air temperature sums in °C) to reach the maximum size are based on the model shown in Table 3, and are shown as values for each treatment, rather than deviation from the Normal treatment. Normal = unmanipulated snow cover; Removed = snow removal on 1. May; Shallow = naturally early snowmelt; Medium = intermediately increased snow; Deep = maximally increased snow. Measures for plant species: average sum of leaf lengths (in mm) for Alopecurus magellanicus, Dryas octopetala, Luzula arcuata, Salix polaris; average sum of leaf areas (in mm2) for Bistorta vivipara; average annual shoot increment (in mm) for Cassiope tetragona; average plant sizes (in mm) for Pedicularis hirsuta, Stellaria crassipes.