Total documented migration to the US 1820-1957

Approximately 41 million people immigrated to the United States of America between the years 1820 and 1957. During this time period, the United States expanded across North America, growing from 23 to 48 states, and the population grew from approximately 10 million people in 1820, to almost 180 million people by 1957. Economically, the U.S. developed from being an agriculturally focused economy in the 1820s, to having the highest GDP of any single country in the 1950s. Much of this expansion was due to the high numbers of agricultural workers who migrated from Europe, as technological advances in agriculture had lowered the labor demand. The majority of these migrants settled in urban centers, and this fueled the growth of the industrial sector.American industrialization and European rural unemployment fuel migration The first major wave of migration came in the 1850s, and was fueled largely by Irish and German migrants, who were fleeing famine or agricultural depression at the time. The second boom came in the 1870s, as the country recovered from the American Civil War, and the Second Industrial Revolution took off. The final boom of the nineteenth century came in the 1880s, as poor harvests and industrialization in Europe led to mass emigration. Improvements in steam ship technology and lower fares led to increased migration from Eastern and Southern Europe at the turn of the century (particularly from Italy).War and depression reduces migration Migration to the U.S. peaked at the beginning of the 20th century, before it fluctuated greatly at the beginning of the 20th century. This was not only due to the disruptions to life in Europe caused by the world wars, but also the economic disruption of the Great Depression in the 1930s. The only period between 1914 and 1950 where migration was high was during the 1920s. However, the migration rate rose again in the late 1940s, particularly from Latin America and Asia. The historically high levels of migration from Europe has meant that the most common ethnicity in the U.S. has been non-Hispanic White since the early-colonial period, however increased migration from Latin America, Asia and Africa, and higher fertility rates among ethnic minorities, have seen the Whites' share of the total population fall in recent years (although it is still over three times larger than any other group.

约4100万人于1820年至1957年期间移民至美利坚合众国。在此期间，美国版图横跨北美大陆，从23个州扩张至48个州，人口从1820年的约1000万人增至1957年的近1.8亿人。从经济角度来看，美国从19世纪20年代的农业导向型经济体发展成为20世纪50年代世界上GDP最高的单一国家。这一扩张在很大程度上得益于大量从欧洲迁移而来的农业工人，因为农业技术的进步降低了劳动力需求。这些移民中的大多数定居于城市中心，从而推动了工业部门的增长。美国工业化与欧洲农村失业问题共同推动了移民潮。第一次大规模移民浪潮出现在19世纪50年代，主要由逃离当时饥荒或农业萧条的爱尔兰人和德国人引发。第二次移民高峰出现在19世纪70年代，当时国家从美国内战中恢复过来，第二次工业革命兴起。19世纪最后的移民高峰出现在1880年代，当时欧洲的歉收和工业化导致了大规模移民。蒸汽船技术的改进和船票价格的降低使得19世纪末从东欧和南欧的移民增加（尤其是来自意大利的移民）。战争与经济大萧条减缓了移民潮。20世纪初，移民至美国的峰值之后，在20世纪初叶出现了大幅波动。这不仅是因为世界大战对欧洲生活造成的破坏，还因为20世纪30年代大萧条的经济动荡。在1914年至1950年之间，唯一一个移民率较高的时期是20世纪20年代。然而，在20世纪40年代末，移民率再次上升，尤其是来自拉丁美洲和亚洲的移民。历史上从欧洲的高移民水平意味着，自早期殖民时期以来，美国最常见的种族是非西班牙裔白人，然而来自拉丁美洲、亚洲和非洲的移民增加以及少数民族的高生育率导致白人在总人口中的比例近年来有所下降（尽管它仍然是任何其他群体的三倍以上）。