Bike-Sharing Systems (BSS) help address first- and last-mile travel challenges. As a limited public resource, the current pricing mechanism fails to fully exploit the service potential of bike-sharing
Bike-Sharing Systems (BSS) help address first- and last-mile travel challenges. As a limited public resource, the current pricing mechanism fails to fully exploit the service potential of bike-sharing
Carsharing is regarded as a new mode of transportation that can meet the diversity of travel demands. This study develops a bi-level programming model to design operating strategies aiming to maximize