Digital Atlas of Australian Soils

## **Abstract** \n\nThis dataset and its metadata statement were supplied to the Bioregional Assessment Programme by a third party and are presented here as originally supplied.\n\n\n\nThe digital version of the Atlas of Australian Soils was created by NRIC (National Resource Information Centre) in 1991 from scanned tracings of the published hardcopy maps (1 - 10), Northcote et al. (1960 - 1968).\n\nThe Atlas of Australian Soils (Northcote et al, 1960-68) was compiled by CSIRO in the 1960's to provide a consistent national description of Australia's soils. It comprises a series of ten maps and associated explanatory notes, compiled by K.H. Northcote and others. The maps were published at a scale of 1:2,000,000, but the original compilation was at scales from 1:250,000 to 1:500,000.\n\nMapped units in the Atlas are soil landscapes, usually comprising a number of soil types. The explanatory notes include descriptions of soils landscapes and component soils. Soil classification for the Atlas is based on the Factual Key.\n\nThe Factual Key (Northcote 1979) was the most widely used soil classification scheme prior to the Australian Soil Classification (Isbell 2002). It dates from 1960 and was essentially based on a set of about 500 profiles largely from south-eastern Australia. It is an hierarchical scheme with 5 levels, the most detailed of which is the principal profile form (PPF). Most of the keying attributes are physical soil characteristics, and can be determined in the field.\n\nThe "mapunit" code contained within the digital dataset represents and links to the soil landscapes described in the explanatory notes. (explanatoryNotes.txt).The dominant and top 5 soils (as PPF classes) listed within the explanatory notes have been estimated from the text and are also included with this dataset (muppf5.txt).\n\n\n\nAdditional work by various groups has added some value to the dataset by providing look up tables that link to some interpretations of the mapping units or dominant soil type (PPF). Some examples of this include:\n\n\n\n1.\tMcKenzie, N. J. and Hook, J. (1992). Interpretations of the Atlas of Australian Soils. Consulting Report to the Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN). CSIRO Division of Soils Technical Report 94/1992.\n\n2.\tMcKenzie NJ, Jacquier DW, Ashton LJ and Cresswell HP (2000) Estimation of soil properties using the Atlas of Australian Soils. CSIRO Land and Water Technical Report 11/00, February 2000.\n\n3.\tAshton, L.J. and McKenzie, N.J. (2001) Conversion of the Atlas of Australian Soils to the Australian Soil Classification, CSIRO Land and Water (unpublished).\n\n## **Dataset History** \n\nThe Digital version of the Atlas of Australian Soils was constructed from scanned tracings of the published hardcopy source maps, the thirteen sheets of the Atlas of Australian Soils. Use of the hard copies was necessary as the original printer's separates could not be located. The positional errors inherent in the original source maps would have been added and errors introduced by subsequent processes, beginning with the natural process of paper stretch. This was followed by the data processing steps which were, in order of execution: tracing, manual digitizing, transformation of coordinates and rubber sheeting to edge-match the digital versions of the adjacent sheets.\n\n## **Dataset Citation** \n\nBureau of Rural Sciences (2009) Digital Atlas of Australian Soils. Bioregional Assessment Source Dataset. Viewed 29 September 2017, http://data.bioregionalassessments.gov.au/dataset/9e7d2f5b-ff51-4f0f-898a-a55be8837828.

**摘要**
本数据集及其元数据声明由第三方提交给生物区域评估计划（Bioregional Assessment Programme），本文档按原始提交版本呈现。

《澳大利亚土壤图集》（Atlas of Australian Soils）的数字版本由国家资源信息中心（National Resource Information Centre, NRIC）于1991年基于Northcote等人（1960-1968）出版的纸质印刷地图（第1-10号）的扫描描图制作而成。

《澳大利亚土壤图集》（Northcote等，1960-1968）由澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织（Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, CSIRO）于20世纪60年代编制，旨在提供澳大利亚土壤的统一国家级描述。该图集包含由K.H. Northcote等人编制的10幅地图及配套说明文档。地图以1:200万比例尺出版，但原始编制比例尺介于1:25万至1:50万之间。

图集中的制图单元（mapunit）为土壤景观，通常包含多种土壤类型。配套说明文档涵盖土壤景观及其组成土壤的描述。本图集的土壤分类基于事实键（Factual Key）。

事实键（Factual Key，Northcote, 1979）是澳大利亚土壤分类系统（Australian Soil Classification, Isbell, 2002）问世前应用最广泛的土壤分类方案。该方案起源于1960年，本质上基于约500个土壤剖面，其中大部分采自澳大利亚东南部。它是一个包含5个层级的分级分类体系，最详细的层级为主导剖面形态（Principal Profile Form, PPF）。多数分类属性为土壤物理特性，可在野外直接测定。

数字数据集中的mapunit（制图单元）代码对应并链接至说明文档（explanatoryNotes.txt）中描述的土壤景观。从文本中估算得到的说明文档内列出的优势土壤及排名前五的土壤（以PPF类别计）也已包含在本数据集（muppf5.txt）中。

多个团队开展的后续工作为该数据集新增了价值，构建了可关联制图单元或优势土壤类型（PPF）相关解译结果的查询表，相关示例如下：

1. McKenzie NJ、Hook J（1992）。《澳大利亚土壤图集》解译。提交给环境资源信息网络（Environmental Resources Information Network, ERIN）的咨询报告。澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织土壤部技术报告94/1992。
2. McKenzie NJ、Jacquier DW、Ashton LJ及Cresswell HP（2000）。基于《澳大利亚土壤图集》的土壤属性估算。澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织土地与水资源部技术报告11/00，2000年2月。
3. Ashton LJ、McKenzie NJ（2001）。《澳大利亚土壤图集》向澳大利亚土壤分类系统的转换，澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织土地与水资源部（未出版）。

**数据集历史**
本《澳大利亚土壤图集》数字版本基于该图集13幅公开出版的纸质源地图的扫描描图构建。由于无法找到原始印刷分色片，因此不得不使用纸质原版进行处理。原始源地图固有的位置误差会被保留，后续处理流程也会引入额外误差，首当其冲的是纸张自然伸缩带来的误差。后续的数据处理步骤按执行顺序依次为：描图、手动数字化、坐标转换以及通过橡皮片校正实现相邻图幅数字版本的边缘匹配。

**数据集引用**
澳大利亚农村科学局（2009）。《澳大利亚土壤数字图集》。生物区域评估源数据集。2017年9月29日查阅，http://data.bioregionalassessments.gov.au/dataset/9e7d2f5b-ff51-4f0f-898a-a55be8837828。