Centralized: Model trained on pooled data, FL: Federated Learning. The rows indicate where the models were developed, including centralized and federated models, while the columns represent the region
The proposed method is rigorously evaluated against several state-of-the-art algorithms, including ISAC, ITD3, IPPO, and IDDPG, to ensure a comprehensive performance analysis. The
Ensemble4 combines the results of all four classifiers, whereas ensemble3 does not use the predictions from the Xception classifier. Accuracies greater than 90% are highlighted.
