Exploring the Driving Mechanisms of the Carboniferous-Permian Ice Age

The Carboniferous-Permian Ice Age is a significant period in Earth′s history, and its driving mechanisms have been a major focus of global research. To date, a significant amount of research suggests that continental weathering, organic carbon burial, the expansion of higher plants, the formation of large igneous provinces (LIPs), and supercontinent amalgamation may be causes of this glacial period. To more objectively reveal the driving mechanisms of the Carboniferous-Permian ice age, this study adopts a global perspective, compiling multi-isotope datasets (C, O, Sr, S, U) from different regions worldwide. The study combines isotope data from carbonate rock samples (C, O) collected in Jiaozuo, North China, with global CO2 concentration data, LIPs formation, and subduction zone length data, and performs a comprehensive analysis of their variations and interrelations during this period. It is concluded that:(1) The formation of the ice age was the result of multiple factors, including continental weathering, organic carbon burial, plant expansion, and the formation of LIPs, with the assembly of supercontinents playing a crucial role in triggering the ice age. (2) The driving mechanisms behind the eight glacial events (P1-P4 and C1-C4) during this ice age differed. Continental weathering influenced all eight glaciations (P1-P4 and C1-C4), organic carbon burial primarily affected the events P1-P3 and C2-C4, while LIPs mainly influenced the C1, P1, and P4 glaciations. This study offers a more objective understanding of the mechanisms behind ancient climate change and provides valuable insights for the prediction and mitigation of current and future climate changes.