Using whole genome sequencing and phylogenomic techniques to trace and characterise American foulbrood outbreaks within honeybee populations of south-eastern Australia. Paenibacillus larvae

We investigated the genetic diversity of Paenibacillus larvae within Australia and the feasibility of a genomic tracing system. While Australian isolates were found to be less genetically diverse, nonetheless we found that core-genome SNP genotyping, both within a single apiary and across populations, had the discriminatory power to assist in the trace-forward and trace-back of AFB outbreaks.