Labour Force Survey 2012 - Bhutan

Abstract
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The Survey was conducted with the aim to provide reliable and timely labour market information on the labour situation of the country at particular point of time. The stability and growth of the country’s economy depends on the proper execution of plans and programs. For this purpose, it is necessary to have a clear knowledge and understanding of the size, composition and economic characteristics of the population. Therefore, it is imperative to know and monitor the growth of human resources categorized by its respective demographic features and educational level on a timely basis.

Labour Force Survey is a regular activity of the Labour Market Information & Research Division (LMIRD) of the Department of Employment. It is conducted with a moving reference period i.e one week prior to date of interview. This is the 10th nationwide Labour Force Survey covering a national representative sample of 12,000 households (urban=9000 & rural=3000). The survey covered more households in the urban areas since urban population is more heterogeneous and the economic activities prevailing in the same are quite diverse.

Broadly the objective of the survey is to generate the following:
- Percentage of economically active population;
- Labour force participation rate;
- Status of active population in number (employed + unemployed);
- The labour force available in the country by age group, sex, level of education, nationality, marital status, area of residence, by industrial and occupational classification, hours of work and;
- The survey also provides information on main and subsidiary economic activities and women’s participation in the total labour force. It also reveals the labour situation especially the young generation entering labour market and unemployment problem.

Geographic coverage
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The survey covered all the 20 Dzongkhags out of which 200 sampled Chiwogs in the rural areas and 272 sampled blocks in the urban areas.

Universe
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The foreign nationals and those members who were temporarily absent from the households but living in the institutions like school, hostels, army barracks, hospital and prisons were included as household members to increase the precision for population estimation. Concurrently, the survey excluded those members who were absent from
the household for more than six months to avoid double counting since they would be counted as household members of the current household they reside with.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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Universe: The universe for the National Labour Force Survey 2012 consists of all the urban and rural areas of Bhutan i.e all the 20 Dzongkhags

Sampling Frame: The sampling frame has been developed by the National Statistics Bureau. Each town in a Dzongkhag has been divided into numerous enumeration blocks. The block for the urban has been demarcated by the Department of Urban and Housing Development, Ministry of Works and Human Settlement. Enumeration blocks for urban and Chiwogs for rural have been considered as Primary Sampling Unit (PSUs). The households in both urban and rural were considered as Secondary Sampling Unit (SSUs).

Stratification Plan: Each Dzongkhag is considered as primary stratum and the stratifying factors used were the geographical demarcation of the administrative boundaries. There were two sub-strata namely urban and rural.

Sampling Design: A stratified two-stage sampling method has been adopted for the survey as follows.

a. Selection of primary sampling units (PSUs): The blocks and the Chiwogs have been taken as the PSUs in urban and rural respectively. In both the urban and rural areas the blocks and Chiwogs were selected with the assignment of Probability Proportional to Size (PPS).

b. Selection of secondary sampling units (SSUs): The households in the sampled blocks and Chiwogs were considered as SSUs. A fixed number of sampled households have been selected from the selected PSU’s by Circular Systematic Sampling (CSS) method after listing the households present in blocks and Chiwogs exhaustively.

Sample size and its allocation: With the resources at our disposal, the nature of population distribution and the variability of characteristics for which the estimates are to be made, a sample of 12000 households have been found appropriate to provide reliable estimate of key labour force characteristics. It is also based on the past experiences.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The questionnaire used for 10th National Labour Force Survey 2012 is the revised form of the National Labour Force Survey 2011 questionnaire. The questionnaire had been reviewed by officials of the Labour Market Information & Research Division.

The questionnaire has been pre-tested and checked for its reliability to ensure its precision in capturing good data and information. The questionnaire comprises two parts, namely, the demographic characteristics and economic characteristics. The economic characteristics is collected only from those persons aged 15 years and above as per the International Labour Organization (ILO) definition of working age population.

Response rate
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Out of 12000 households, 236 were found as non-response accounting for 1.97%. One major source of non-sampling error is non-response. Non-response is caused due to absence of occupants in the sample house, due to total refusal to answer any of the questions and sometimes when the interviewee is incapable to answer.

摘要
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本调查旨在在特定时间点提供关于该国劳动力状况的可靠且及时的市场信息。国家的经济稳定与增长依赖于计划与项目的有效执行。为此，有必要明确了解人口规模、构成及其经济特征。因此，及时了解按其相应的人口统计学特征和教育水平划分的人力资源增长情况至关重要。
劳动力调查是就业部劳动力市场信息与研究中心（LMIRD）的常规活动。调查采用滚动参考期，即访谈日期前一周。这是涵盖全国12,000户家庭（城市9000户，农村3000户）的第十次全国劳动力调查。由于城市人口更为多元化，且同一地区存在的经济活动相当多样，因此调查覆盖了更多城市地区的家庭。
总体而言，调查的目标是生成以下信息：
- 经济活跃人口百分比；
- 劳动力参与率；
- 活跃人口状态（就业加失业）的数量；
- 国家可利用的劳动力按年龄组、性别、教育水平、国籍、婚姻状况、居住区域、工业和职业分类、工作时间划分；
- 调查还提供了主要和次要经济活动信息，以及女性在总劳动力中的参与情况。它还揭示了劳动力状况，特别是年轻一代进入劳动力市场和失业问题。
地理覆盖范围
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调查覆盖了全部20个宗卡，其中农村地区200个抽样吉沃格，城市地区272个抽样街区。
总体
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为提高人口估计的精确性，将外籍人士和那些暂时从家庭中缺席但居住在学校、宿舍、军营、医院和监狱等机构的家庭成员包括在内。同时，为了避免双重计数，调查排除了那些六个月以上缺席家庭成员的情况，因为他们将被计为当前居住家庭的家庭成员。
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
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总体：2012年全国劳动力调查的总体包括不丹的所有城市和农村地区，即全部20个宗卡。
抽样框架：抽样框架由国家统计局开发。每个宗卡中的城镇被划分为众多统计街区。城市街区由住房和城市发展部、工程和人类居住部划界。城市和农村的统计街区和吉沃格被视为一级抽样单位（PSU）。城市和农村的家庭被视为二级抽样单位（SSU）。
分层计划：每个宗卡被视为一级层，分层因素是行政边界的地理划分。有两个次级层，即城市和农村。
抽样设计：调查采用了分层两阶段抽样方法，如下。
a. 选择一级抽样单位（PSU）：在城市和农村分别选取街区和吉沃格作为PSU。在城市和农村地区，街区与吉沃格通过概率比例大小（PPS）分配进行选取。
b. 选择二级抽样单位（SSU）：在选定的街区与吉沃格中的家庭被视为SSU。通过列举街区与吉沃格中现有的家庭，使用循环系统抽样（CSS）方法从选定的PSU中选择固定数量的抽样家庭。
样本量和分配：考虑到我们拥有的资源、人口分布的性质以及要进行的估计的特征的可变性，我们认为12000户家庭的样本量是适当的，以提供可靠的劳动力关键特征估计。这也基于过去的经验。
数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]
研究工具
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用于2012年第十次全国劳动力调查的问卷是2011年全国劳动力调查问卷的修订版。该问卷已由劳动力市场信息与研究中心的官员进行审查。
问卷已进行预测试并检查其可靠性，以确保其精确地捕捉到高质量的数据和信息。问卷包括两部分，即人口统计特征和经济特征。根据国际劳工组织（ILO）对工作年龄人口的定义，仅从15岁及以上的个人收集经济特征。
响应率
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在12000户家庭中，有236户未响应，占1.97%。非抽样误差的一个主要来源是非响应。非响应是由于样本家庭中无居住者、完全拒绝回答任何问题，有时是因为受访者无法回答。