biofilm attached to the leaves of submerged macrophytes under trace PAHs stress

Exposed in trace PAHs desorbed from sediments, the rare flora attached on leaves of submerged plants have changed slowly due to PAHs accumulated in leaves. For example, the development of bacteria associated with nitrogen-cycle have altered under PAHs stress. This discovery contributes to study the mechanism of nitrogen-cycle in water suffering from trace and high-toxic organic pollutants dominated by submerged macrophytes.