KK2-0008 - Jiwoi jiwa nat (Ancestral spirits) with English translation

Translation (Rita Seng Mai) The guardian Nats are the spirits called Gum Gun Nat which we talked about yesterday. Gum Gun Nat. Not all our elders become guardian Nats. When one of our elders died in a violent death, he or she couldn't enter the afterlife. Although they lost their bodies, their souls were just wandering on the earth. They become Nats. They ask for food from the people who are alive. Not all our elders can become guardian Nat for us. We talked about it yesterday. If one of our elders died just because he or she was old, he or she will not become Nat spirit. They only go to another existence after death. They don't have any attachment to people. So, they don't become Nat too. Those Nats (our guardian Nats) are the spirits called Gum Gun Nats that we have talked about yesterday. They are also Gum Gun Nats. Shawa Nat (the nat spirit which all people can worship) is not our guardian Nat. All Kachin people can worship and give offerings. They exist and stay by themselves. Shawa Nat is for all people. Shawa Nats are higher deities and Ga Nat (a spirit which takes care of soil), etc. There is no other Gum Gun Nat. Yes. But I don't know what you want to say, Sara? You said you wanted to know how to differentiate. Jiwoi Jiwa means our elders from the past, don't they? It has only that meaning. But, there are some Nats, which do not exist in the past, exist now. Some of our elders died since a long time ago. There are some Nats which have come out after they died. But they are Nat Gun (guardian Nat of a family). If one of the elders from Maran clan passed away and he or she become Nat spirit, then that Nat is the guardian only for Maran clan. That Nat has no relation with Lahtaw clan or Lahpai clan. That Nat is only for Maran clan. Sometimes, when the girl from Maran clan gets married, the Nat spirit follows her. And that Nat spirit stays at the house of the Maran girl's husband and ask for food from them. The Nat spirit lives there. It's like that, but not all. Gum Gun Nats are also the same like humans. They are really strong and ask for food from humans. There are some people who ask for food when they are alive too. Nat spirits are also the same like humans. There are some who even ask food from their relatives, grandchildren and sons-in-law too. They are Gum Gun Nats. They are Gum Gun Nats. They are not Shawa Nats. (Shawa Nats are for all people.) Shawa Nats are Mu Nat (a deity of thunder), Sawn Nat (an evil spirit which bewitches people) and Madai Nat (a deity of properties), etc. You can give offerings to those Shawa Nats at home by yourself. You can also take Madai Nat and give offerings to it when you want to celebrate Manaw festival. Everyone can give offerings to Shawa Nats as they like. But you cannot take and give offerings to Nat Gun as you like. We can't give offerings to guardian Nats of Maran as we want. That Nat Gun also doesn't ask for food. It's just like that. Transcription (Ja Seng Roi) Ndai jiwoi jiwa nat ngu ai gaw, mani an tsun ai gumgun nat re yaw. Gumgun nat. Jiwoi jiwa ni moi na lai wa sai a ten e si ai jiwoi jiwa ni yawng nat byin ai n re. Dai mani tsun ai jiwoi jiwa ni kaw na langai ngai sawa si ai le, dai ni wo ra du na ra ai prat de shan hte n du ai. N dai hkum hkrang sha mat ai. Shan hte myit ni mungkan ga kaw gayin taw nga. Dai ni nat byin ai. Nang de ngam nga ai ni gaw hpyi sha ai. Dai jiwoi jiwa nat ngu ai gaw dai. Moi na an hte jiwoi ni langai ngai yawng gaw nat n byin ai. Mani an tsun ai, n dai tsu si ai ngu ai, e shi chyu machyi na asak kaba n si ai ni gaw nat ma n byin sai. Htaw....shanhte na gaw kaga de, Myen hku gaw 'Ba wa ' ngu ai le. Dai de wa mat sai.Nang de n yu sai. Dai majaw nat ma n byin ai. E' dai jiwoi jiwa nat ngu ai gaw, mani an tsun ai gumgun nat ngu ai sha re. Gumgun nat sha re. E dai shawa nat ngu ai gaw jiwoi jiwa ma n re yawng Jinghpaw masha ni masha ni yawng e jaw ai htaw shi chyu shi nga nga ai. Shawa nat ngu yawng a nat. N dai ni gaw mani tsun ai n tsa nat ga nat dai sha re. Kaga mi jiwoi jiwa nat ngu kaga n nga sai. Umm Raiting Sara nang ging hka chye mayu hpa hpe ngu mayu ai kun gaw n chye le. Jiwoi jiwa nga ai gaw moi na an hteng a kaji kawoi ni dai ni hpe tsun ai n re i? Dai langai sha re. Raiting langai nga ai gaw shan hte prat hta n nga ai nat ni ya nga wa ai nga ai. Shan hte gaw si ai grai na sai le i. Dai hpang e paw pru ai nat ni nga ai. Raiting chye nga ai nat gun rai nga. Gai taw, Maran wa kaw e Maran ni nat langai mi shan hte kaji kawa na nat byin jang, wo Lahtaw ni, Lahpai ni hte n seng ai. Shi Maran ni na sha re. Kalang lang gaw Maran shayi langai mi wo num wa wa jang dai de hkan nang ai ni nga. Dai Dauma ni num la ai ai kaw hpyi sha ai nga ai. Dai gaw nga ai. Dan re, yawng gaw n re ting dai hku re. Wo.. nat ni mung n dai hku re n dai an hte gumgun nat ngu ai n dai ni gaw an hte shinggyim masha ni hte maren re. Shi grai n gun ja n na yang yang de, hkrung nga yang mung yawng yawng kaw hpyi ai masha nga ai. Nat rai ting dai hku re, nat n kau ni. Le..jinghku, kashu, kahkri ni kaw hpyi sha wa ai nga ai. Dai gaw gumgun nat. Gumgun nat rai sa dai gaw. Shawa nat n re. Shawa nat ngu ai gaw n dai masha yawng law law yawng jaw ai Mu nat, Sawn nat, Madai nat, dai gaw shawa nat re. Raitimung dai shawa nat hpe na n ta e nang hkrai jaw la tim mai ai. Htaw...madai nat mung nang Manau galaw na re nang shaga la n jaw ai. Shawa nat gaw kadai mung jaw lu ai. Dai nat gun gaw mai ai. Maran wa a nat hpe ngai majoi mi sa jaw n mai ai. Hpyi ma n hpyi ai. Dai hku re. . Language as given: Jinghpaw

### 译述（丽塔·森迈 / Rita Seng Mai）
守护纳特（Nat）即我们昨日谈及的古姆贡纳特（Gum Gun Nat）。古姆贡纳特。并非所有族中长辈都能成为守护纳特。若族中长辈死于非命，其灵魂便无法进入来世。尽管躯体已逝，灵魂仍徘徊于尘世，就此化为纳特。它们会向在世之人讨要供食。并非所有长辈都能成为我们的守护纳特，这一点我们昨日已讨论过。若长辈仅因寿终正寝离世，则不会化为纳特灵体，而是往生至另一界，对世人毫无执念，因此也不会成为纳特。
上述守护纳特（我们的家族守护灵）正是我们昨日提及的古姆贡纳特，亦属于古姆贡纳特范畴。沙瓦纳特（Shawa Nat，即所有民众均可敬拜的纳特灵体）并非我们的守护纳特。所有克钦族民众均可对其敬拜献祭，它们独立存在。沙瓦纳特面向所有民众，属于高阶神祇，此外还有加纳特（Ga Nat，守护土地的灵体）等。并无其他类型的古姆贡纳特。
没错。但萨拉，我不太理解你的意图：你此前说想要了解如何区分各类纳特。"吉沃伊吉瓦（Jiwoi Jiwa）"意为我们的先祖长辈，仅此含义，对吗？但存在一些并非源自过去的纳特，它们现今已然存在。有些先祖长辈早已离世，他们死后化为纳特，但这类纳特属于家族守护纳特（Nat Gun）。若玛兰（Maran）氏族的某位长辈离世后化为纳特灵体，那么该纳特仅为玛兰氏族的守护灵，与拉赫托（Lahtaw）氏族或拉帕伊（Lahpai）氏族毫无关联，仅庇佑玛兰氏族。有时，玛兰氏族的女子出嫁时，该纳特灵体便会随其一同前往，留在夫家并向夫家讨要供食，就此定居于此。大致便是如此，但并非所有情况都如此。
古姆贡纳特与人类无异，它们性情刚直，会向人类讨要供食。世间甚至有在世之人也会向他人讨要食物，纳特灵体亦是如此：有些纳特甚至会向亲属、孙辈以及女婿索要食物。它们便是古姆贡纳特，绝非沙瓦纳特（沙瓦纳特面向所有民众）。沙瓦纳特包括穆纳特（Mu Nat，雷神）、索恩纳特（Sawn Nat，蛊惑人心的恶灵）以及马达伊纳特（Madai Nat，财富之神）等。你可自行在家中向沙瓦纳特献祭；若要举办目瑙节（Manaw Festival），也可迎请马达伊纳特并进行献祭。所有人均可随心向沙瓦纳特献祭，但不能随意迎请并献祭家族守护纳特。我们无法随心向玛兰氏族的守护纳特献祭，该家族守护纳特也不会主动讨要供食，大致便是如此。

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### 转录（贾·森·罗伊 / Ja Seng Roi）
"我们谈及的先祖长辈所化的纳特，正是我们昨日所说的古姆贡纳特。古姆贡纳特。先祖长辈离世后化为纳特的情形，便是如此。若我们的先祖长辈离世时心怀执念，便会徘徊于尘世，不愿离去，灵魂四处飘荡，这便是古姆贡纳特。在世之人若心怀执念离世，便会化为纳特。并非所有先祖长辈都会如此：若只是寿终正寝，便不会化为纳特，而是往生他界，对世人毫无牵挂，因此也不会成为纳特。……世人若有执念，比如"巴瓦"这类执念，便会如此。你看，就是这样。这类先祖并不会化为纳特。我们谈及的先祖长辈所化的纳特，正是昨日所说的古姆贡纳特，属于古姆贡纳特范畴。沙瓦纳特并非我们的先祖守护纳特，所有克钦民众都可对其敬拜献祭，这便是它的特点。沙瓦纳特是一类纳特，包括我们昨日谈及的纳特、加纳特等。并非所有先祖长辈都会成为这样的纳特。萨拉，你此前说想要了解如何区分它们，对吗？"吉沃伊吉瓦"指的就是先祖长辈，仅此含义，对吗？但你看，如今存在一些并非源自过去的纳特。有些纳特是很久以前离世的先祖所化，但还有些纳特是新近离世的先祖所化，这类便是家族守护纳特。比如，玛兰氏族的某位长辈离世后化为纳特，便仅为玛兰氏族的守护灵，与拉赫托氏族、拉帕伊氏族毫无关联，仅庇佑玛兰氏族。有时，玛兰氏族的女子出嫁，该纳特便会随她一同前往夫家，留在夫家讨要供食，就是这样。但并非所有情况都如此。纳特与人类无异，古姆贡纳特亦是如此。它们性情刚直，会向人类讨要供食。世间甚至有在世之人也会向他人讨要食物，纳特亦是如此：有些纳特甚至会向亲属、孙辈、女婿索要食物。它们便是古姆贡纳特，绝非沙瓦纳特。沙瓦纳特包括穆纳特、索恩纳特、马达伊纳特等。你不能随意迎请沙瓦纳特，对吗？……若要举办目瑙节，便可迎请马达伊纳特并献祭。所有人都可随心向沙瓦纳特献祭，但不能随意迎请家族守护纳特。我们无法随心向玛兰氏族的守护纳特献祭，该守护纳特也不会主动讨要供食，就是这样。"

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**所用语言：景颇语**