Multimodal molecular imaging in the second near-infrared window - Supplementary material

Near-infrared-II (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging has rapidly developed for the noninvasive investigation of
physiological and pathological activities in living organisms with high spatiotemporal resolution. However,
the penetration depth of fluorescence restricts its ability to provide deep anatomical information.
Scientists integrate NIR-II fluorescence imaging with other imaging modes (such as photoacoustic and
magnetic resonance imaging) to create multimodal imaging that can acquire detailed anatomical and
quantitative information with deeper penetration by using multifunctional probes. This review offers
a comprehensive picture of NIR-II-based dual/multimodal imaging probes and highlights advances in
bioimaging and therapy. In addition, seminal studies and trends in multimodal imaging probes activated
by NIR-II laser are summarized and several key points regarding future clinical translation are elucidated.