NEW FRONTIER OF EXPANSION AND PROTECTED AREAS IN THE STATE OF AMAZONAS

Abstract We analyze the transformations of the Trans-amazonian highway, located in the south of the state of Amazonas, as a new axis of expansion of the frontier. As methodology, we adopted the literature review, analysis of documents and reports from public institutions, field work and thematic cartography. To understand this process, the analysis is structured from the road axes, as links that articulate spatially with economic flows in the region; in the environmental policies concretized in protected areas (conservation units and indigenous lands) along the Trans-amazonian highway; and the reinvigoration of the Trans-amazonian border, based on the expansion of livestock, deforestation, mining and hydroelectric power. It is concluded that this process is updated with the revival of the BR-230 highway as a new front of frontier expansion, in conflict with ordained territories, public areas intended for environmental protection and the recognition of traditional territories.摘要：本研究以坐落于亚马孙州南部的跨亚马孙公路（Trans-amazonian highway）作为新边疆扩张轴线，对其演变进程展开分析。研究方法涵盖文献综述、公共机构文件与报告分析、实地调研与专题制图。为厘清该进程的内在逻辑，本研究从三大维度搭建分析框架：其一为作为区域经济流空间联结纽带的公路轴线；其二为沿跨亚马孙公路落地、以保护地（保护单元与原住民土地）为载体的环境政策；其三为基于畜牧业扩张、森林砍伐、采矿与水电开发的跨亚马孙边疆振兴态势。研究结论表明：BR-230公路复兴并成为新的边疆扩张前沿，该进程与法定领土、用于环境保护的公共区域以及传统领土的合法承认存在冲突。