"Table 114" of "Anisotropic flow and flow fluctuations of identified hadrons in Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV"

The first measurements of elliptic flow of $\mathrm{\pi}^{\pm}$, $\mathrm{K}^{\pm}$, $\mathrm{p}+\bar{\mathrm{p}}$, $\mathrm{K_{S}^{0}}$, $\Lambda+\bar{\Lambda}$, $\mathrm{\phi}$, $\mathrm{\Xi^{\mp}}$, and $\mathrm{\Omega^{\mp}}$ using multiparticle cumulants in Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV are presented. Results obtained with two- ($v_2\{2\}$) and four-particle cumulants ($v_2\{4\}$) are shown as a function of transverse momentum, $p_{\rm T}$, for various collision centrality intervals. Combining the data for both $v_2\{2\}$ and $v_2\{4\}$ also allows us to report the first measurements of the mean elliptic flow, elliptic flow fluctuations, and relative elliptic flow fluctuations for various hadron species. These observables probe the event-by-event eccentricity fluctuations in the initial state and the contributions from the dynamic evolution of the expanding quark--gluon plasma. The characteristic features observed in previous $p_{\rm T}$-differential anisotropic flow measurements for identified hadrons with two-particle correlations, namely the mass ordering at low $p_{\rm T}$ and the approximate scaling with the number of constituent quarks at intermediate $p_{\rm T}$, are similarly present in the four-particle correlations and the combinations of $v_2\{2\}$ and $v_2\{4\}$. In addition, a particle species dependence of flow fluctuations is observed that could indicate a significant contribution from final state hadronic interactions. The comparison between experimental measurements and CoLBT model calculations, which combine the various physics processes of hydrodynamics, quark coalescence, and jet fragmentation, illustrates their importance over a wide $p_{\rm T}$ range.

本文报道了在质心系能量√s_NN=5.02 TeV的铅-铅(Pb--Pb)碰撞中，采用多粒子累积量(multiparticle cumulants)方法对π±、K±、p+$ar{p}$、K_S^0、Λ+$ar{Λ}$、φ、Ξ∓和Ω∓的椭圆流(elliptic flow)开展的首次测量。本文展示了利用两粒子累积量(v₂{2})与四粒子累积量(v₂{4})得到的结果随横向动量p_T的变化关系，且覆盖了多种碰撞中心度区间。通过联合分析v₂{2}与v₂{4}的实验数据，我们还首次报道了不同强子种类(hadron species)的平均椭圆流(mean elliptic flow)、椭圆流涨落(elliptic flow fluctuations)与相对椭圆流涨落(relative elliptic flow fluctuations)的测量结果。这些观测量可用于探究初始态(initial state)的逐事件偏心率涨落(event-by-event eccentricity fluctuations)，以及膨胀夸克-胶子等离子体(quark-gluon plasma)的动力学演化所带来的贡献。此前利用两粒子关联(two-particle correlations)对已鉴别强子开展的p_T微分各向异性流测量中观测到的典型特征，即低p_T区间的质量序(mass ordering)与中p_T区间随组分夸克(constituent quarks)数目的近似标度行为，在四粒子关联(four-particle correlations)以及v₂{2}与v₂{4}的联合分析中同样存在。此外，我们观测到流涨落存在强子种类依赖性，该现象或暗示末态强相互作用(final state hadronic interactions)存在显著贡献。将实验测量结果与结合了流体力学(hydrodynamics)、夸克聚结(quark coalescence)与喷注碎裂(jet fragmentation)多种物理过程的CoLBT模型(CoLBT model)计算结果进行对比，证实了这些物理过程在宽广横向动量区间内的重要作用。