Dynamic Vibration Frequencies Measurement and Cable Tension Estimation Based on A Half-type triboelectric nanogenerator

As essential load-bearing components, the reliability of cables directly influences the safety of engineering structures. Online monitoring of cable tensions' enhances structural reliability and enables engineers to regulate stresses, extending the operational lifespan of cable systems. This study proposes A half-type cable tension sensor (HCTS) based on triboelectric nanogenerators. The HCTS features an internal sensing unit comprising conductive fabrics and silicone films. External excitation induces radial vibration of the silicone membrane, causing periodic contact and separation between the membrane and the conductive fabrics, thereby generating electrical signals in the HCTS. The deflection angle of the HCTS is identified as key factor influencing the generated electrical signals under wind-induced vibrations. A mapping relationship between the vibration deflection angles (0°-90°) and the electrical signals of the HCTS is established. Finally, the Fourier transform is applied to the signals generated by the HCTS, and the taut string theory is employed to estimate the cable tensions with high accuracy, with maximum errors within 3% compared to standard measurements using the magnetic flux leakage method. This demonstrates that the HCTS enables long-term online characterization of cable tensions. Therefore, the HCTS-based long-term monitoring system for cable tensions holds significant potential in engineering applications.