Data and code for "Stone and water governed early human settlement of the desert"

Data and analytical code supporting Dellmour et al. (2026), "Stone and water governed early human settlement of the desert". The repository contains field documentation from a 1,300 km geoarchaeological transect through the central Rub' al Khali, a georeferenced compilation of Middle Palaeolithic and Middle Stone Age sites across the Arabian Peninsula, raw material occurrence records from 44 archaeological survey campaigns in Oman, geological and hydrological source layers, and the complete R workflow used to model human occupation potential from water proximity and lithic raw material availability. Code is released under the MIT Licence; data are released under CC-BY 4.0. See README.txt for folder structure, system requirements and reproduction instructions.