The Effect of Climate Change Threat on Public Attitudes towards Ethnic and Religious Minorities and Climate Refugees

This entry includes the text of five surveys distributed via Qualtrics company to ethnic white British citizens in 2020 (Study 1: Survey T1 and T2) and 2021 (Study 2 - different sample from Study 1) and 2023 (Study 3: Survey T1 and T2 - different sample from previous surveys) and associated datasets. Hence, Study 1 and Study 3 consist of two survey waves whereby the second wave was a recontact of participants in wave 1. All studies use a different sample of ethnic white British citizens. The surveys used an experimental design (Study 1 (T2) , Study 2, Study 3 (T2)) to investigate the effect of climate change threat on attitudes towards ethnic/religious minorities and climate refugees. We found no significant direct effect. We found that social majority members who are exposed to threatening information about climate change and, at the same time, feel little national efficacy over climate change, evaluate more negatively those minorities that are perceived as posing the biggest challenge to national cohesion and unity (Muslims+Pakistanis). Similar results for the evaluation of climate refugees were statistically significant only in one of the experiments (Study 1). The moderating role of collective climate efficacy beliefs suggests that processes of group-based control may be central for explaining authoritarian and ethnocentric responses to climate change threat. The data was cleaned of variables pertaining to a different study on the effect of climate change threat on environmental extremism, which is still under analysis. More information on this research can be found in these pre-registrations: https://aspredicted.org/S8X_13Z, https://aspredicted.org/ZXZ_SXQ and https://aspredicted.org/6ka4k.pdf.

本数据集包含2020年（研究1：问卷T1与T2）、2021年（研究2，样本与研究1不同）及2023年（研究3：问卷T1与T2，样本与此前研究不同）通过魁特奇（Qualtrics）公司发放的5份面向白人英国裔公民的调查问卷文本及配套数据集。其中，研究1与研究3均包含两波调研，第二波为对第一波参与者的回访。所有研究均采用独立的白人英国裔公民样本。研究1（T2）、研究2与研究3（T2）采用实验设计，以探究气候变化威胁对民众针对族裔/宗教少数群体及气候难民的态度的影响。本研究未发现显著的直接效应。结果显示，接触到气候变化威胁性信息、同时对气候变化缺乏国家层面效能感的社会多数群体成员，会对那些被视为对国家凝聚力与统一性构成最大挑战的少数群体（穆斯林群体+巴基斯坦裔群体）给出更负面的评价。针对气候难民评价的类似结果，仅在其中一项实验（研究1）中达到统计学显著性。集体气候效能信念的调节作用表明，基于群体的控制过程或可成为解释民众针对气候变化威胁的威权主义及族群中心主义反应的核心机制。本数据集已剔除与一项仍处于分析阶段的、关于气候变化威胁对环境极端主义影响的其他研究相关的变量。有关本研究的更多详细信息，可通过以下预注册链接获取：https://aspredicted.org/S8X_13Z、https://aspredicted.org/ZXZ_SXQ 及 https://aspredicted.org/6ka4k.pdf。