Pampa singers: an acoustic and visual guide to singing insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera)

The open subtropical and temperate grasslands ecosystems of the Pampa region have faced drastic negative impacts that affect its biodiversity. Little is known about the real diversity of insects in the region, and even less about the sound that some of them are capable of emitting. Intending to reduce the knowledge gap of insect bioacoustics in the Pampa region, we performed a systematic fieldwork program involving sound collections, taxonomic identification and recordings. The acoustic repertoire of species from nine families classified in two orders, is presented, including 12 cicadas, 18 katydids, five grasshoppers, and 22 crickets. Following specimen identifications, we were able to report new records for the region, to discover new species, and to improve data regarding previously described signals. We also added ecological data for each species and discussed the impact of our results on the Pampa biodiversity knowledge, insect bioacoustics, and passive acoustic monitoring.