Genomic approach to transmission and compartmentalization of extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance (ESC-R) in Enterobacterales of animal and human origin from North America and Europe

The emergence and persistence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance (ESC-R) is a major public health problem worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the distribution and the temporal dynamics of ESC-R genes in Enterobacterales isolates of human and animal origin from North America and Europe, including Escherichia coli (n=1,377), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=46), Enterobacter hormaechei (n=11), Salmonella enterica (n=3), Klebsiella oxytoca (n=3), Proteus mirabilis (n=3), Klebsiella michiganensis (n=2), Raoultella ornithinolytica (n=1), Citrobacter freundii (n=1) and Citrobacter europaeus (n=1). All isolates were sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq or HiSeq or NextSeq instrument.