Data from: The bacterial community structure and functional profile in the heavy metal contaminated paddy soils,surrounding a nonferrous smelter in South Korea

The pollution of agricultural soils by the heavy metals affects the productivity of the land and has an impact on the quality of the surrounding ecosystems. The present study investigated the bacterial community structure in the heavy metal contaminated sites along a smelter and a distantly located paddy field to elucidate the factors that are related to the alterations of the bacterial communities under the conditions of heavy metal pollution. Among the study sites, the bacterial communities in the soil did not show any significant differences in their richness and diversity. The soil bacterial communities at the three study sites were distinct from one another at each site, possessing a distinct set of bacterial phylotypes. Among the study sites, significant changes were observed in the abundances of the bacterial phyla and genera. The variations in the bacterial community structure were mostly related to the general soil properties at the phylum level, while at the finer taxonomic levels, the concentrations of arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) were the significant factors, affecting the community structure. The relative abundances of the genera Desulfatibacillum and Desulfovirga were negatively correlated to the concentrations of As, Pb, and cadmium (Cd) in the soil, while the genus Bacillus was positively correlated to the concentrations of As and Cd. According to the results of the prediction of bacterial community functions, the soil bacterial communities of the heavy metal polluted sites were characterized by the more abundant enzymes, involved in DNA replication and repair, translation, transcription, and the nucleotide metabolism pathways, while the amino acid and lipid metabolism, as well as the biodegradation potential of xenobiotics, were reduced. Our results showed that the adaptation of the bacterial communities to the heavy metal contamination was predominantly attributed to the replacement process, while the changes in community richness were linked to the variations in the soil pH values.

重金属污染农业土壤，不仅会降低土地生产力，还会对周边生态系统的质量造成负面影响。本研究针对某冶炼厂周边及远端稻田的重金属污染土壤开展细菌群落结构解析，旨在阐明重金属污染胁迫下细菌群落结构改变的相关影响因子。各研究样地的土壤细菌群落，其丰富度与多样性均未呈现显著差异。本次研究的三个样地中，土壤细菌群落彼此间存在显著分异，各自拥有独特的细菌系统发育型（phylotype）集合。各研究样地的细菌门与属水平的丰度均存在显著变化。在门分类水平上，细菌群落结构的变异主要与土壤基本理化性质相关；而在更精细的分类学水平上，砷（As）、铅（Pb）的含量是影响群落结构的关键调控因子。脱硫杆菌属（Desulfatibacillum）与脱硫微菌属（Desulfovirga）的相对丰度与土壤中As、Pb及镉（Cd）的含量呈显著负相关；而芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）的相对丰度则与As和Cd的含量呈显著正相关。基于细菌群落功能预测结果，重金属污染样地的土壤细菌群落表现出更为丰富的参与DNA复制与修复、翻译、转录及核苷酸代谢通路的酶类；而氨基酸代谢、脂质代谢以及异生物质（xenobiotics）的生物降解潜能则有所降低。本研究结果表明，细菌群落对重金属污染的适应主要通过群落更替过程实现，而群落丰富度的变化则与土壤pH值的变异密切相关。