Table_1_Gender Discrepancies in SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Related Beliefs, Attitudes, and Practices.DOCX

Objectives: International studies suggest that males may be less likely to adhere to SARS-CoV-2 transmission mitigation efforts than females. However, there is a paucity of research in this field in the United States. The primary aim of this study was to explore the relationship of binary gender identity (female/male) with beliefs, attitudes, and pandemic-related practices in the early stages of the pandemic.Methods: This study is based on a cross-sectional, voluntary response survey. Patients who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 between March 5 and June 7, 2020 were invited to participate. All patients were tested within a large community healthcare system that serves patients through eight hospitals and hundreds of clinics across Washington State. Bivariate associations between gender and various demographics were tested using Chi-squared and Student's t-tests. We examined associations between gender and pandemic-related beliefs, attitudes, and practices using multivariable logistic regression, accounting for potential confounding factors.Results: Females were more likely than males to agree that they (aOR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.14–2.00) or their families (aOR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.31–2.33) were threatened by SARS-CoV-2, or that their own behavior could impact transmission (aOR = 2.17, 95% CI 1.49–3.15). Similarly, females were more likely to agree that social distancing (aOR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.19–2.46), handwashing (aOR = 3.27, 95% CI 2.06–5.21), and masking (aOR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.02–1.94) were necessary to slow SARS-CoV-2 spread. Females were significantly less likely to visit outside of their social distancing circle (aOR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.47–0.81), but among those who did, practices of social distancing (aOR = 1.41, 95% CI 0.89–2.23), remaining outdoors (aOR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.56–1.40), and masking (aOR = 1.19, 95% CI 0.74–1.93) were comparable to males, while females practiced handwashing more than males (aOR = 2.11, 95% CI 1.33–3.34).Conclusions: Our study suggests that gender disparate beliefs, attitudes, and practices existed in the early stages of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Efforts should be tailored to encourage males to engage with mitigation efforts in ongoing pandemic-related public health campaigns.

研究目标：国际研究表明，男性相较于女性，可能更不易遵循 SARS-CoV-2 传播缓解措施。然而，在美国该领域的研究尚显不足。本研究的首要目标是探究二分性别身份（女性/男性）与早期疫情阶段信念、态度以及疫情相关行为之间的关系。研究方法：本研究基于一项横断面自愿回应调查。于 2020 年 3 月 5 日至 6 月 7 日期间接受 SARS-CoV-2 检测的患者被邀请参与调查。所有患者均在服务于华盛顿州八个医院和数百个诊所的大型社区医疗保健系统中接受检测。利用卡方检验和 Student's t 检验对性别与各种人口统计学变量之间的二元关联进行了测试。通过多变量逻辑回归，考虑潜在的混杂因素，我们考察了性别与疫情相关信念、态度和实践之间的关联。研究结果：相较于男性，女性更有可能同意她们（调整优势比 = 1.51，95% 置信区间 1.14–2.00）或其家庭（调整优势比 = 1.75，95% 置信区间 1.31–2.33）受到 SARS-CoV-2 的威胁，或者她们自身的行迳可能会影响传播（调整优势比 = 2.17，95% 置信区间 1.49–3.15）。同样，女性更有可能同意保持社交距离（调整优势比 = 1.72，95% 置信区间 1.19–2.46）、勤洗手（调整优势比 = 3.27，95% 置信区间 2.06–5.21）和佩戴口罩（调整优势比 = 1.41，95% 置信区间 1.02–1.94）是减缓 SARS-CoV-2 传播所必需的。女性在社交距离圈外活动的可能性显著低于男性（调整优势比 = 0.62，95% 置信区间 0.47–0.81），但对于那些确实如此的人，保持社交距离（调整优势比 = 1.41，95% 置信区间 0.89–2.23）、留在户外（调整优势比 = 0.89，95% 置信区间 0.56–1.40）和佩戴口罩（调整优势比 = 1.19，95% 置信区间 0.74–1.93）的实践与男性相当，而女性比男性更频繁地进行洗手（调整优势比 = 2.11，95% 置信区间 1.33–3.34）。研究结论：本研究表明，在 SARS-CoV-2 疫情早期阶段，存在性别差异的信念、态度和行为。公共卫生宣传活动中应针对男性制定针对性的措施，以鼓励他们参与疫情缓解工作。