WorldClim, elevation and distribution data for all palms from: The ecology of palm genomes: Repeat-associated genome size expansion is constrained by aridity

Genome size varies 2,400-fold across plants, influencing their evolution through changes in cell size and cell division rates which impact plants’ environmental stress tolerance. Repetitive element expansion explains much genome size diversity, and the processes structuring repeat ‘communities’ are analogous to those structuring ecological communities. However, which environmental stressors influence repeat community dynamics has not yet been examined from an ecological perspective. We measured genome size and leveraged climatic data for 91% of genera within the ecologically diverse palm family (Arecaceae). We then generated genomic repeat profiles for 141 palm species, and analysed repeats using phylogenetically-informed linear models to explore relationships between repeat dynamics and environmental factors. We show that palm genome size and repeat ‘community’ composition are best explained by aridity. Specifically, Ty3-gypsy and TIR elements were more abundant in palm species from we...基因组大小（Genome size）在植物类群间的差异可达2400倍，其通过改变细胞大小与细胞分裂速率影响植物演化，进而影响植物的环境胁迫耐受性。重复序列扩张（Repetitive element expansion）可解释绝大多数基因组大小多样性，而塑造重复序列‘群落’的过程与构建生态群落的过程高度相似。然而，目前尚未有研究从生态学视角探究哪些环境胁迫因子会影响重复序列群落的动态变化。 本研究针对生态多样性丰富的棕榈科（Arecaceae）中91%的属测定了基因组大小，并整合了对应气候数据。随后，我们为141个棕榈物种生成了基因组重复序列特征谱，并采用基于系统发育信息的线性模型对重复序列进行分析，以探究重复序列动态与环境因子之间的关联。 本研究结果表明，棕榈科植物的基因组大小及重复序列‘群落’组成的最优解释变量为干旱程度。具体而言，Ty3-gypsy元件与TIR元件在源自……（原文截断）的棕榈物种中丰度更高。