Animal Tracking at Heard Island 2003/2004 - ARGOS data

A major goal of a research expedition by the Australian Antarctic Division over the summer of (2003/04) in the Southern Ocean off Heard Island was to answer some of the questions needed to determine what level of exploitation of Southern Ocean fisheries is sustainable. The use of novel equipment, cutting edge technology and some adept logistical co-ordination allowed the Aurora Australis, on the Southern Ocean, to catch the prey of the predators of Heard Island.This work was accomplished by placing satellite trackers on animals at Heard Island, and then, using the ARGOS system, monitoring their activities in the Southern Ocean around the island. The Aurora Australis assisted in the monitoring and tracking of the animals by searching the areas the animals were foraging for prey species.The animals tracked in this experiment were:Light-mantled sooty albatrossesblack-browed albatrossesking penguinsmacaroni penguinsAntarctic fur sealsThe columns in this data file are:individual_id - the identifier of the individual animalspecies - the species name of that animalpttid - the identifier of the PTT tracker deployed on that animaldeployment_longitude - the longitude at which the tracker was deployeddeployment_latitude - the latitude at which the tracker was deployedobservation_date - the date (ISO8601 format) of the position observationyear, month, day, time, time_zone - as per the observation_date, but in separate columnslocationclass - the ARGOS location class of the position (see http://www.argos-system.org/manual/3-location/34_location_classes.htm; value -3 corresponds to a "Z" class, value -2 to "B", value -1 to "A")latitude - the latitude of the position observationlongitude - the longitude of the position observation

澳大利亚南极局（Australian Antarctic Division）于2003/04年夏季在赫德岛周边南大洋开展的科考航次，其核心目标之一是解答确定南大洋渔业可持续开发规模所需的各类问题。
本次航次依托新型设备、前沿技术与高效的后勤协调，让“南极光号（Aurora Australis）”得以在南大洋定位赫德岛捕食者的猎物分布区域。具体实施方式为：在赫德岛的目标动物身上部署卫星追踪器，随后通过ARGOS系统（ARGOS system）监测这些动物在该岛周边南大洋的活动轨迹。“南极光号（Aurora Australis）”则通过搜索这些动物的觅食区域，辅助完成动物监测与追踪工作。
本实验追踪的动物包括：
- 淡眉烟黑信天翁（Light-mantled sooty albatrosses）
- 黑眉信天翁（black-browed albatrosses）
- 王企鹅（king penguins）
- 马可罗尼企鹅（macaroni penguins）
- 南极海狗（Antarctic fur seals）
该数据文件包含以下字段：
- individual_id：单只动物的唯一标识符
- species：对应动物的物种名称
- pttid：部署于该动物的PTT追踪器（PTT tracker）的标识符
- deployment_longitude：追踪器部署时的经度坐标
- deployment_latitude：追踪器部署时的纬度坐标
- observation_date：位置观测的日期，采用ISO8601格式
- year、month、day、time、time_zone：拆分自观测日期的独立字段，分别对应年、月、日、时间及时区
- locationclass：该位置对应的ARGOS定位等级（详见http://www.argos-system.org/manual/3-location/34_location_classes.htm；其中数值-3对应"Z"类、-2对应"B"类、-1对应"A"类）
- latitude：位置观测的纬度坐标
- longitude：位置观测的经度坐标