The current situation and countermeasures for conservation of ancient and famous trees in Laoshan, Qingdao, China

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to examined the characteristics of ancient and famous trees in Laoshan District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China, including species composition, number of individuals, origin, distribution, and age structure, to highlight the values of inheriting history and culture, improving urban environment, protecting regional biodiversity, promoting tourism economy and so on. The analyses was made through field surveys and quantitative analyses of statistical data and relevant literature, The main issues in their conservation are investigated and priority conservation measures are proposed. Results showed that there are 290 ancient and famous trees, comprising 42 species, 34 genera, and 26 families. These included four types of ancient and famous trees with different origins, namely religious trees planted by Buddhists, naturally preserved wild trees, trees with agricultural backgrounds for providing food or used as offerings, and exotic trees introduced from other places. There are relatively more local species and comparatively more elder trees. Ancient and famous trees are distributed in large numbers in Mountain Lao Scenic Area and many of them fall into temperate genera. Currently, ancient and famous tree conservation in Laoshan District is challenging because of issues such as habitat deterioration, severe effects of natural hazards, pests and diseases, weakening physiological function, and inadequate management. Based on all these analyses, countermeasures are proposed, which include regularly inspecting ancient and famous trees, restoring their habitats, reinforcing pest and disease controls, promoting studies on conservation technologies, improving management practices, increasing grants, and reforming the ownership system of ancient and famous trees.

摘要：本研究以中国山东省青岛市崂山区的古树名木（ancient and famous trees）为研究对象，旨在厘清其物种组成、个体数量、起源类型、空间分布及年龄结构等特征，并阐明其在传承历史文化、改善城市人居环境、保护区域生物多样性、推动旅游经济发展等方面的价值。本研究通过实地调查、统计数据与相关文献的定量分析开展相关研究，调查了古树名木保护中存在的主要问题，并提出了优先保护方案。研究结果显示，崂山区现有古树名木290株，隶属于26科34属42种。其起源类型共分为四类，分别为佛教信徒栽植的宗教用树、自然留存的野生原生树、兼具农业用途（提供食材或作为祭祀供品）的农用树，以及从外地引种的外来树种。区内乡土物种占比相对较高，老龄古树数量亦较多。古树名木大量集中分布于崂山风景区，且多数隶属于温带属类。当前，崂山区古树名木保护面临诸多挑战，具体包括生境退化、自然灾害危害严重、病虫害频发、古树生理机能衰退以及管理措施不足等问题。基于上述研究分析，本研究提出了针对性保护对策，包括定期开展古树名木巡查、修复其生境、强化病虫害防控、推进保护技术研究、优化管理流程、加大资金投入以及改革古树名木权属制度等。