Root-associated fungal communities exposed to experimental drought

Plant-associated fungi can ameliorate abiotic stress in their hosts,
and changes in these fungal communities can alter plant productivity,
species interactions, community structure and ecosystem processes. We
investigated the response of root-associated fungi to experimental
drought (66% reduction in growing season precipitation) across six
North American grassland ecosystem types to determine how extreme
drought alters root-associated fungi, and understand what abiotic
factors influence root fungal community composition across grassland
ecosystems. Next generation sequencing of the fungal ITS2 region
demonstrated that drought primarily re-ordered fungal species’
relative abundances within host plant species, with different fungal
responses depending on host identity. Grass species that declined more
under drought trended toward less community re-ordering of root fungi
than species less sensitive to drought. Host identity and grassland
ecosystem type defined the magnitude of drought effects on community
composition, diversity, and root colonization, and the most important
factor affecting fungal composition was plant species identity.