A dataset of rice quality traits from the long-term fertilization positioning experiment in double-cropping rice fields of the red soil region

This dataset is derived from a long-term fertilization positioning trial established in 1981 in the double-cropping rice fields of the red soil region in Jinxian County, Jiangxi Province. It systematically compiles rice quality data from the 2024 early and late rice crops, including cooking and eating quality (amylose content, gelatinization temperature, gel consistency), processing quality (brown rice rate, milled rice rate, head rice rate), appearance quality (transparency, chalkiness rate, chalkiness size, grain length, grain shape), and nutritional quality (starch, fat, and protein content). The data originate from field replicate samples under different fertilization treatments (e.g., NPK, NPKM, NK, PK) and were collected, analyzed, and recorded according to unified protocols.