The significance of genetic distance and nest occupation on the worker-worker similarity of gut bacterial microbiome and cuticular hydrocarbon profile in a sweat bee

The cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profile and the gut microbiome (GM) are crucial traits which have a significant impact on the life of bees. In honey bees, the CHC profile and the GM interact finely through trophallaxis, such that the characteristics of the GM are partially defined by the chemical recognition among sisters. However, most of the known primitively eusocial bees show simpler social traits, including moderate genetic relatedness among colony members, often due to workers' nest drifting or dispersal, and lack of trophallaxis. Hence, primitively eusocial bees offer a great opportunity to evaluate the respective role of worker-worker genetic relatedness and of the environment in which the adult lives (residency nest) on the interaction between CHC profile and GM. Here, we investigated such relationships in the primitively eusocial digger bee Halictus scabiosae (Halictidae). We found a high rate of nest-drifting by workers, which leads to a consequent highly variable intra-colon..., DNA extraction and genotype determination
We studied genetic relatedness between workers using microsatellite markers. DNA extraction was performed from one leg of each individual using Chelex 100 (Walsh et al. 1991). The Chelex extraction method has become a staple in the field of honey bee research due to its rapidity and efficacy in DNA extraction (Evans et al. 2013). This method has been demonstrated to yield DNA of sufficient quality for microsatellite analysis. Consequently, it was selected as the primary extraction method for the samples in this study, and its effectiveness was subsequently validated. Eight microsatellite markers were used in this study, with primers reported in Table S1. Two different multiplex reactions were designed (Multiplex 1: LHMS10, rub73, rub02, rub72; Multiplex 2: rub37b, rub30, rub77, LM27) using forward primers fluorescent-labeled and amplified under the following PCR conditions: initial denaturation at 94°C for 3 min; 35 cycles of 30 s at 94°C, 30 s..., , # The significance of genetic distance and nest occupation on the worker-worker similarity of gut bacterial microbiome and cuticular hydrocarbon profile in a sweat bee

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.7wm37pw0w](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.7wm37pw0w)

## Description of the data and file structure

This is a dataset of the microsatellite-derived genotypes of sweat bee workers of the species Halictus scabiosae. *H. scabiosae* workers were collected from two nest aggregations near the small town of Alberese, within the Maremma Regional Park (Tuscany, Italy: 42°40′5″N, 11°6′23″E). The two nest aggregations (hereafter: aggregation 1 and aggregation 2), composed of around 100 (aggregation 1, Casa Gialla Barbicato) and 50 (aggregation 2, Sagrado Agriturismo) nests, were located 1.2 km appart. Five *H. scabiosae* workers *per* nest were collected by netting, from a total of 18 nests (7 nests from the aggregation 1, labelled A to G and 11 nests from the aggregation 2, labelled H to U).

Microsa...,

表皮碳氢化合物（cuticular hydrocarbon, CHC）谱与肠道微生物组（gut microbiome, GM）是影响蜜蜂生命活动的关键性状。在西方蜜蜂中，表皮碳氢化合物谱与肠道微生物组可通过交哺（trophallaxis）行为实现精细互作，因此工蜂间的化学识别会部分塑造肠道微生物组的特征。然而，目前已知的大多数原始真社会性蜂类展现出更为简化的社会特征：其蜂群成员间的遗传亲缘关系中等，这通常源于工蜂的巢群漂移或扩散，且这类蜂类缺乏交哺行为。因此，原始真社会性蜂类为探究工蜂间遗传亲缘关系，以及成虫所处环境（即定居巢群），分别对表皮碳氢化合物谱与肠道微生物组互作的影响提供了绝佳研究契机。本研究以原始真社会性的掘土蜂类*Halictus scabiosae*（隧蜂科，Halictidae）为研究对象，探究了上述关联。研究发现该蜂类的工蜂具有较高的巢群漂移率，这使得蜂群内部的……
DNA提取与基因型鉴定
本研究利用微卫星标记（microsatellite markers）分析工蜂间的遗传亲缘关系。研究人员从每头试虫的单条腿部提取DNA，所用试剂为Chelex 100（方法参考Walsh等，1991）。由于该提取方法操作快速、DNA提取效果优异，Chelex法已成为蜜蜂研究领域的主流DNA提取手段（Evans等，2013）。已有研究证实，该方法可提取出满足微卫星分析要求的高质量DNA，因此本研究选取该方法作为样品的主要DNA提取手段，并验证了其提取效果。本研究共使用8对微卫星标记，引物信息详见附表S1。设计了两组多重PCR（聚合酶链式反应，Polymerase Chain Reaction, PCR）反应体系（多重反应1：LHMS10、rub73、rub02、rub72；多重反应2：rub37b、rub30、rub77、LM27），所有正向引物均进行荧光标记，PCR扩增程序如下：94℃预变性3 min；35个循环，每个循环包含94℃变性30 s、……
# 汗蜂工蜂肠道细菌微生物组与表皮碳氢化合物谱的相似性受遗传距离与巢群定居的影响
[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.7wm37pw0w](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.7wm37pw0w)
数据与文件结构说明
本数据集源自*Halictus scabiosae*工蜂的微卫星基因型数据。研究样本采集自意大利托斯卡纳大区马雷马区域公园内阿尔贝雷塞小镇附近的两处巢群聚集地，坐标为北纬42°40′5″、东经11°6′23″。两处巢群聚集地（后文简称聚集地1与聚集地2）分别包含约100个巢群（聚集地1：Casa Gialla Barbicato）与50个巢群（聚集地2：Sagrado Agriturismo），两地间距1.2 km。研究人员通过网捕从18个巢群中采集样本，每个巢群采集5头工蜂：其中聚集地1共7个巢群，编号为A至G；聚集地2共11个巢群，编号为H至U。
Microsa……