The pass-through frequency (PTF) indicator captures the degree of supply chain exposure to geographic concentration risk in global production networks. It measures the frequency that a supply chain in
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development10
Field data collected during the H2020 program mission. This project has received funding from the [European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme][European Research Council (ERC) unde
A body of literature shows that lenders grant less credit to borrowers who are geographically farther away. This literature assumes that physical distance increases the costs for the lender to monitor
