Replication data for: Efficacy of Insecticides to Control the Leafminer Fly Liriomyza Huidobrensis (Blanchard) And its Impacts on Associated Natural Enemies in Potato Cropping Systems of the Cañete Region

The study was conducted in the winter cropping season (from July to November 2007) in the localities of San Juan de Ihuanco (13º 05' S, 76º 27' W, 105 m asl) and Cañete (13º 05' S, 76º 24' W, 40-150 m asl) in the Cañete region, situated 130 and 144 km south of Lima, respectively. Both localities represented complex (Ihuanco valley) and simple (Cañete valley) agricultural landscapes described in subchapter 4.1. During the potato vegetation period the average temperature was 15.6 ºC, with a mean monthly rainfall of 0.6 mm and a relative humidity of >80%. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized block design involving three treatments with two replicates (n=6 plots). The treatments included: (i) control without the use of insecticides, (ii) selective insecticides and (iii) broad-spectrum insecticides. Each plot consisted of 25 rows by 25 m long (625 m2). All plots were separated by a distance of 4 m. Potato (cv. Canchan) was planted at a distance of 0.3 x 0.9 m. Three experimental fields were installed in each landscape. Additionally, five commercial potato farmers (n=5 plots) participated in the study in each landscape providing 0.1 ha potato plots within their broad-spectrum insecticide treated fields. Evaluations were made in a similar plot size as for experimental fields. The concentrations used were based on recommended field rates of these products. (i) Selective insecticide. Two translaminar insecticides abamectin (Vertimec 18EC Syngenta) and cyromazine (Trigard 75 WP Novartis) were applied at recommended rates (abamectin: 1.5 cc/liter; cyromazine: 0.035 g/liter). Abamectin was applied at GS30, GS40 and GS50, and cyromazine at GS60 and GS70. (ii) Broad-spectrum insecticides. Two translaminar (abamectin and cyromazine) and two non-translaminar (metamidophos: Tamaron 600SL and alphacypermetrin: Cipermex Super ® 100 EC) insecticides were used at 3 and 1.5 cc/liter, respectively. Metamidophos and cypermetrin are the most common broad-spectrum insecticides used by farmers in the main potato production areas in the Peruvian coast (Cañete, Barranca, and Arequipa) (CIP, 2004). Insecticides were applied five times during the potato season at growth stages GS30 (alphacypermetrin), GS40 (abamectin), GS50-60 (cyromazine + metamidophos), GS60-70 (cyromazine + alphacypermetrin) and GS70-80 (abamectin). (iii) Control treatment. In non-treated plots water was used as control. The assessments were: larval infestation, parasitism and parasitoid species, Soil-inhabiting predators, insecticide impact, and potato yield.

本研究于2007年冬季作物季（7月至11月）在秘鲁卡涅特地区的两个采样点开展，分别为圣胡安·德·伊万科（San Juan de Ihuanco，南纬13°05′，西经76°27′，海拔105米）与卡涅特（Cañete，南纬13°05′，西经76°24′，海拔40-150米），两地分别距秘鲁首都利马以南130千米和144千米。其中，圣胡安·德·伊万科代表复杂农业景观（伊万科河谷），卡涅特代表简单农业景观（卡涅特河谷），两类景观的详细描述详见第4.1小节。
马铃薯生育期内，试验区域平均气温为15.6℃，月均降雨量0.6毫米，相对湿度＞80%。
试验采用完全随机区组设计，设置3个处理组，2次重复（共6个试验小区，n=6）。处理组如下：(i) 空白对照组：不施用任何杀虫剂；(ii) 选择性杀虫剂（selective insecticides）处理组；(iii) 广谱杀虫剂（broad-spectrum insecticides）处理组。每个试验小区为25行×25米（面积625平方米），小区间间隔4米。供试马铃薯品种为Canchan，种植行距与株距为0.3×0.9米。
每个景观类型区域均设置3个试验田块。此外，每个景观区域内有5名商业马铃薯种植户参与本研究，其施用广谱杀虫剂的0.1公顷马铃薯田块也作为评估样本（共5个小区，n=5），评估采用的小区尺寸与试验田块一致。
所有药剂的施用浓度均参照该类产品的田间推荐施用量：
1. 选择性杀虫剂：选用两种层间传导型杀虫剂——阿维菌素（abamectin，商品名Vertimec 18EC，先正达（Syngenta））与环丙氨嗪（cyromazine，商品名Trigard 75 WP，诺华（Novartis）），施用量分别为1.5毫升/升与0.035克/升。阿维菌素分别在作物生长阶段GS30、GS40和GS50施用，环丙氨嗪则于GS60和GS70阶段施用。
2. 广谱杀虫剂：选用两种层间传导型（阿维菌素、环丙氨嗪）与两种非层间传导型杀虫剂——甲胺磷（metamidophos，商品名Tamaron 600SL）和高效氯氟氰菊酯（alphacypermetrin，商品名Cipermex Super® 100 EC），施用量分别为3毫升/升与1.5毫升/升。甲胺磷与高效氯氟氰菊酯是秘鲁沿海马铃薯主产区（卡涅特、巴兰卡和阿雷基帕）种植户最常用的广谱杀虫剂（国际马铃薯中心（CIP），2004）。
整个马铃薯生育季共施药5次，具体时间与药剂组合为：GS30期施用高效氯氟氰菊酯，GS40期施用阿维菌素，GS50-60期施用环丙氨嗪+甲胺磷，GS60-70期施用环丙氨嗪+高效氯氟氰菊酯，GS70-80期施用阿维菌素。
3. 空白对照组：未施药小区以清水作为对照处理。
本试验的评估指标包括：幼虫侵染率、寄生现象及寄生蜂种类、土壤栖息捕食者种群、杀虫剂生态影响效应及马铃薯产量。