A decade of soil loss and runoff monitoring at Brazilian experimental plots

Tha data set comprises three files: 

Long-term soil loss and runoff observations (nov/2011 to apr/2022) at experimental plot;
Daily meterological monitoring from a close station (2011-2022).
Field monitoring took place in the central region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, at the Arruda Botelho Institute (IAB), situated at a latitude of 22º10'S and a longitude of 47º52'W, with an elevation of 790 meters above sea level. This region experiences an average annual precipitation of 1486 mm and has a humid subtropical climate (classified as Cwa in the Köppen system). This climate features hot and humid summers from October to March, with a mean temperature of 23.6 °C and 77% of the annual rainfall, as well as dry winters from April to September, with a mean temperature of 19.5 °C and only 23% of the annual rainfall. The predominant soil type in the study area is Orthic Quartzarenic Neosol (RQo), characterized by its sandy texture, deep profile, good drainage, acidity, and low nutrient content.
Since 2011, continuous monitoring has been in place to track soil loss and runoff within experimental plots. These plots measure 5 meters in width and 20 meters in length, featuring a uniform slope of 9% and enclosed by metal sheets that are approximately 30 centimeters in height. To ensure the reliability of the data, the experiments are conducted in triplicate for each type of land cover, and the mean values are utilized in subsequent analyses to minimize the impact of random variations. The plots encompass five different land covers:
A. Sugarcane, which is cultivated using contour techniques with 1.5 meters of spacing between the rows. In its mature stage, sugarcane reaches a height of 2 meters, is harvested annually in November, and is replanted every four years;
B. Pasture, specifically Brachiaria decumbens, with a canopy height ranging from 5 to 30 centimeters. This pasture is utilized for cattle grazing, employing a 30-day rotation system where approximately 10 cattle, each weighing around 420 kilograms, graze on one hectare of land for a period of 5 days. The pasture plots were substituted with soybean in November 2019 to align with the agricultural land cover changes implemented on surrounding farms;
C. Cerrado, also known as wooded Cerrado, an undisturbed woodland typical of the central area of Brazil; 
D. Bare soil, established in 2011 and later in 2020, which is maintained devoid of vegetation through glyphosate application and manual weeding;
E. Soybean, which is cultivated annually during the rainy season (November to March) and left fallow during the remaining months of the year.