Population-based prospective studies of diabetes as a risk factor for dementia in older adults.

*Additional adjustments for education, BMI, alcohol/smoking status, hypertension, ABI, heart disease, stroke did not result in substantial changes of the estimates.†Exclude 81 persons diagnosed with dementia at baseline.‡Diabetes increased the risk of VaD in females after adjustments (aHR 3.33, 95% CI 1.03–9.78) but not males.ABI indicates ankle-to-brachial index, AD Alzheimer's disease, BMI body mass index, CADDTC California Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centers, CHD coronary heart disease, CHF chronic heart failure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, DM diabetes mellitus, FG fasting glucose test, Hx self-report history of diabetes or a physician's diagnosis of diabetes, LDL low density lipoprotein cholesterol, Mx use of anti-diabetes medications including insulin, NFG non-fasting glucose test, NINCDS-ADRDA National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and Stroke/Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association, NINDS-AIREN National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke-Association Internationale pour la Recherche et l'Enseignement en Neurosciences, NP not performed, OGTT oral glucose tolerance test, Rec diabetes mellitus ascertained from medical records, RR risk ratio, SBP systolic blood pressure, TIA transient ischemic attack, VaD vascular dementia.