<p>Mean ± standard deviation (SD), minimum (Min), and maximum (Max) values of eight echocardiographic variables obtained from 72 transthoracic examinations performed in three Asian elephants (<i>Elephas maximus</i>, EL1–EL3). Results are presented for all elephants combined and individually. The echocardiographic variables included seven repeated M-mode parameters, i.e., interventricular septal thicknesses at end-diastole and end-systole (IVSd, IVSs), left ventricular internal diameters at end-diastole and end-systole (LVIDd, LVIDs) with calculation of the fractional shortening (FS%), and left ventricular free wall thicknesses at end-diastole and end-systole (LVFWd, LVFWs), as well as one two-dimensional parameter, the left ventricular fractional area change (LV FAC%). Heart rate (HR) was also calculated.</p>

Mean ± standard deviation (SD), minimum (Min), and maximum (Max) values of eight echocardiographic variables obtained from 72 transthoracic examinations performed in three Asian elephants (Elephas maximus, EL1–EL3). Results are presented for all elephants combined and individually. The echocardiographic variables included seven repeated M-mode parameters, i.e., interventricular septal thicknesses at end-diastole and end-systole (IVSd, IVSs), left ventricular internal diameters at end-diastole and end-systole (LVIDd, LVIDs) with calculation of the fractional shortening (FS%), and left ventricular free wall thicknesses at end-diastole and end-systole (LVFWd, LVFWs), as well as one two-dimensional parameter, the left ventricular fractional area change (LV FAC%). Heart rate (HR) was also calculated.