Data from: Phylogenetic treatment and taxonomic revision of the trapdoor spider genus Aptostichus Simon (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae)

This systematic study documents the taxonomy, diversity, and distribution of 40 species of the predominately Californian trapdoor spider genus Aptostichus Simon, 1891. Thirty-three of these species are newly described: Aptostichus dantrippi, Aptostichus cabrillo, Aptostichus pennjillettei, Aptostichus asmodaeus, Aptostichus nateevansi, Aptostichus chiricahua, Aptostichus icenoglei, Aptostichus isabella, Aptostichus muiri, Aptostichus barackobamai, Aptostichus sinnombre, Aptostichus hedinorum, Aptostichus aguacaliente, Aptostichus chemehuevi, Aptostichus sarlacc, Aptostichus derhamgiulianii, Aptostichus anzaborrego, Aptostichus serrano, Aptostichus mikeradtkei, Aptostichus edwardabbeyi, Aptostichus killerdana, Aptostichus cahuilla, Aptostichus satleri, Aptostichus elisabethae, Aptostichus fornax, Aptostichus lucerne, Aptostichus fisheri, Aptostichus bonoi, Aptostichus cajalco, Aptostichus sierra, Aptostichus huntington, Aptostichus dorothealangeae, and Aptostichus chavezi. Most of these species are restricted to the California Floristic Province, a known biodiversity hotspot. Of the 40 recognized species, over half are considered to be imperiled or vulnerable and two have likely gone extinct over the past half-century; the conservation status of only 11 species is considered to be secure. Using 73 quantitative and qualitative morphological characters I propose a preliminary phylogeny for the genus that recognizes four major lineages: the Atomarius, Simus, Hesperus, and Sierra species groups. Additionally, the phylogenetic analysis indicates that adaptations favoring the invasion of the arid desert habitats of southern California have evolved multiple times across the group. The existence of both desert and non - desert species in three of the four species groups makes this genus an ideal candidate for the study of the evolutionary ecology of desert arthropods. A set of molecular characters based on the contiguous mitochondrial DNA genes 16S-tRNA valine-12S is used in an independent analysis to assist in placement of specimens into species. The taxonomy section explicitly identifies the concept employed in species delimitation. Niche based distribution models are constructed to predict the ranges of species for which an adequate number of sampling sites were known.

本系统性研究记述了以加利福尼亚州为主要分布区的陷阱蛛属（Aptostichus Simon, 1891）共40个物种的分类学特征、多样性水平与分布格局。其中33个为新种，分别为：丹氏陷阱蛛（Aptostichus dantrippi）、卡布里略陷阱蛛（Aptostichus cabrillo）、彭尼·吉列特陷阱蛛（Aptostichus pennjillettei）、阿斯莫德斯陷阱蛛（Aptostichus asmodaeus）、内特·埃文斯陷阱蛛（Aptostichus nateevansi）、奇里卡瓦陷阱蛛（Aptostichus chiricahua）、艾森诺格利陷阱蛛（Aptostichus icenoglei）、伊莎贝拉陷阱蛛（Aptostichus isabella）、缪尔陷阱蛛（Aptostichus muiri）、奥巴马陷阱蛛（Aptostichus barackobamai）、辛诺姆布雷陷阱蛛（Aptostichus sinnombre）、赫迪诺鲁姆陷阱蛛（Aptostichus hedinorum）、阿瓜卡连特陷阱蛛（Aptostichus aguacaliente）、切梅胡维陷阱蛛（Aptostichus chemehuevi）、萨尔拉克陷阱蛛（Aptostichus sarlacc）、德哈姆·朱利亚尼陷阱蛛（Aptostichus derhamgiulianii）、安萨博雷戈陷阱蛛（Aptostichus anzaborrego）、塞拉诺陷阱蛛（Aptostichus serrano）、迈克·雷德特基陷阱蛛（Aptostichus mikeradtkei）、爱德华·阿贝伊陷阱蛛（Aptostichus edwardabbeyi）、基勒达纳陷阱蛛（Aptostichus killerdana）、卡惠拉陷阱蛛（Aptostichus cahuilla）、萨特利陷阱蛛（Aptostichus satleri）、伊丽莎白陷阱蛛（Aptostichus elisabethae）、福尔纳克斯陷阱蛛（Aptostichus fornax）、吕塞恩陷阱蛛（Aptostichus lucerne）、费舍尔陷阱蛛（Aptostichus fisheri）、博诺陷阱蛛（Aptostichus bonoi）、卡哈尔科陷阱蛛（Aptostichus cajalco）、谢拉陷阱蛛（Aptostichus sierra）、亨廷顿陷阱蛛（Aptostichus huntington）、多萝西·兰格陷阱蛛（Aptostichus dorothealangeae）以及查韦斯陷阱蛛（Aptostichus chavezi）。绝大多数物种仅分布于加利福尼亚植物区系省——这一知名的全球生物多样性热点区域。在已确立的40个物种中，超半数被认定为受威胁或易危物种，另有2个物种在过去半个世纪中可能已灭绝；仅11个物种的保护现状被评定为安全。本研究基于73项定量与定性形态特征，为该属构建了初步系统发育框架，识别出4个主要演化支：Atomarius物种群、Simus物种群、Hesperus物种群以及Sierra物种群。此外，系统发育分析显示，适配南加利福尼亚干旱荒漠生境的适应性特征在该类群中已独立演化多次。四个物种群中有三个类群同时包含荒漠与非荒漠物种，使得该属成为研究荒漠节肢动物进化生态学的理想研究对象。本研究还基于线粒体DNA连续基因片段16S-tRNA缬氨酸-12S构建了一套分子特征，通过独立分析辅助确定标本所属物种。分类学章节明确阐述了物种界定所采用的概念框架。研究同时构建了基于生态位的分布模型，以预测那些采样点数量充足的物种的分布范围。