Degradation of mycotoxin fumonisin B1 by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

Fumonisin B1, the most widely distributed and toxic mycotoxin among fumonisins, poses severe threats to human and animal health and causes tremendous economic losses worldwide due to its high toxicity. Microbial degradation of mycotoxins offers a promising detoxification approach for mycotoxin contamination. In the present study, Bacillus sp. G7 was isolated from 100 Bacillus strains preserved in our laboratory. This strain not only inhibits the growth of Fusarium moniliforme but also efficiently degrades FB1. Strain G7 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens via a combination of colony morphological observation, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and physiological and biochemical characterization. When strain G7 was co-incubated with FB1 at pH 4.0-6.0 and 28-42 degrees C for 24 h, the degradation rate of FB1 exceeded 90%. Further assays confirmed that extracellular enzymes are the key factors mediating FB1 degradation. The degradation pathway of FB1 mediated by crude extracellular enzymes was investigated using LC-MS, and the results indicated that FB1 was degraded into HFB1 by the crude extracellular enzymes from strain G7. In conclusion, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens G7 represents a promising candidate for mitigating FB1 toxicity in the feed industry.