Data for: Revisiting the employment impact of offshoring

Abstract of associated article: The productivity gains due to offshoring may, in part, accrue to workers. This paper estimates the magnitude of these gains and compares it to the magnitude of employment loss due to worker displacement. A model based on the production task framework from Grossman and Rossi-Hansberg (2008) is used to demonstrate that the effect of offshoring depends on the intensity of use of these tasks and, ultimately, impacts domestic employment through three channels: a direct displacement effect, which negatively impacts employment; an output effect generated by the productivity gains from offshoring, which reorganizes and increases aggregate production in the economy and impacts domestic employment positively; and a substitution effect among factors and tasks, which has an ambiguous effect. Using the model's structure as a roadmap and applying it to detailed U.S. manufacturing sector data over 2001–2007, results from GMM 3SLS regressions provide overall support for the structure and predictions of the tasks model of offshoring. In particular, the economic magnitude of the productivity gains is found to have been important.

相关论文摘要：
离岸外包引致的生产率提升，或许有一部分将为工人所获取。本文估算了此类收益的规模，并将其与工人因岗位置换所引发的就业损失规模进行对比。本文采用基于Grossman与Rossi-Hansberg（2008）提出的生产任务框架（production task framework）构建的理论模型，证明离岸外包的效应取决于此类任务的使用强度，并最终通过三大渠道对国内就业产生影响：其一为直接置换效应，该效应会对就业产生负向冲击；其二为产出效应，由离岸外包带来的生产率提升所催生的产出效应，能够重构并提升经济体的总产出水平，进而对国内就业产生正向拉动作用；其三为要素与任务间的替代效应，该效应的影响方向尚不明确。本文以该模型的逻辑架构为指引，将其应用于2001至2007年美国制造业细分部门的详细数据，广义矩估计三阶段最小二乘（Generalized Method of Moments Three-Stage Least Squares, GMM 3SLS）回归结果总体上验证了离岸外包任务模型的理论框架与预测结论。具体而言，研究发现生产率提升的经济影响规模十分可观。