Enzymatic and microbial routes to sucrose: a compartment-specific dissociation across a century-long sugarcane chronosequence

This dataset contains the complete sample-level data underlying the manuscript “Enzymatic and microbial routes to sucrose: a compartment-specific dissociation across a centuray long sugarcane monoculture” (submitted to Microbiological Research). It comprises 96 paired rhizosphere (R) and bulk (B) soil samples, 12 per chronosequence stage per compartment, across three field blocks with four replicates each, collected along a four-stage chronosequence of continuous ratoon sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) cultivation in Songxi County, China, spanning 5, 18, 35 and more than 100 years of cultivation. For each sample, the dataset records: bacterial and fungal alpha-diversity indices (observed ASVs, Shannon diversity, Simpson diversity, Pielou evenness and Chao1 richness); five soil enzyme activities (catalase, peroxidase, acid phosphatase, urease and sucrase); sucrose content and basic soil chemistry (pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available nitrogen); relative abundances of seven dominant fungal classes and nine dominant bacterial families; five rhizosphere metabolites identified by untargeted metabolomics (hydrocinnamic acid, L-phenylalanine, protocatechualdehyde, tridecanedioic acid and mevalonic acid); the first two PCoA axis scores for bacterial and fungal community composition; a composite soil nutrient index; and bootstrap-based dominance statistics for the dominant bacterial family and fungal class by chronosequence stage and compartment.