High-frequency recurrence index for predicting multiple recurrences in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (Validation cohort)

Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) has a recurrence rate of more than 50% after transurethral resection (TUR) and Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment. This study aimed to develop a high-frequency recurrence index (HfRI) to predict multiple recurrences in NMIBC patients and guide personalized treatment strategies. In this study, we analyzed transcriptome data (Discovery cohort) of 45 high-risk NMIBC patients who received intravesical BCG treatment, including patients with >=2 recurrences, to identify genes significantly associated with high-frequency recurrence and construct a signature. In addition, we validated the predictive performance using transcriptome data of 94 patients (Validation cohort). Overall design: A validation cohort of 94 NMIBC patients from Chungbuk National University Hospital is RNAseq transcriptome data produced for high-frequency recurrence of NMIBC.